Glossary entry (derived from question below)
English term or phrase:
upstream and downstream
Spanish translation:
empresas mayoristas y minoristas / primarias y secundarias / productoras y comercializadoras
English term
upstream and downstream
"In the US, ths terrain is seen as partitioned into "upstream" and "downstream". Downstream lie big multinational pharmaceutical companies [...] Upstream companies conduct more basic research.
Jun 10, 2007 22:13: starlight changed "Level" from "Non-PRO" to "PRO"
Jun 16, 2007 17:01: Margarita Ezquerra (Smart Translators, S.L.) Created KOG entry
PRO (3): Сергей Лузан, Cándida Artime Peñeñori, starlight
When entering new questions, KudoZ askers are given an opportunity* to classify the difficulty of their questions as 'easy' or 'pro'. If you feel a question marked 'easy' should actually be marked 'pro', and if you have earned more than 20 KudoZ points, you can click the "Vote PRO" button to recommend that change.
How to tell the difference between "easy" and "pro" questions:
An easy question is one that any bilingual person would be able to answer correctly. (Or in the case of monolingual questions, an easy question is one that any native speaker of the language would be able to answer correctly.)
A pro question is anything else... in other words, any question that requires knowledge or skills that are specialized (even slightly).
Another way to think of the difficulty levels is this: an easy question is one that deals with everyday conversation. A pro question is anything else.
When deciding between easy and pro, err on the side of pro. Most questions will be pro.
* Note: non-member askers are not given the option of entering 'pro' questions; the only way for their questions to be classified as 'pro' is for a ProZ.com member or members to re-classify it.
Proposed translations
Spain
Margarita Ezquerra (Smart Translators, S.L.)
Accredited translators 20 yrs experience
Native in: Spanish
Works in: English to Spanish, Spanish to English, French to Spanish
empresas mayoristas y minoristas / primarias y secundarias / productoras y comercializadoras
http://www.proz.com/kudoz/1758242
Argentina
the help you need to convey your message
Native in: Spanish
Works in: English to Spanish, Spanish to English
producción y comercialización
Cuba
Retired prof. Universidad de La Habana.
Native in: Spanish 
Works in: English to Spanish
Ver explicación
Si tomamos la obtención del producto como "origen de coordenadas", **upstream** es la etapa previa a ello (etapa de investigación) y **downstream**sería la etapa de producción-comercialización. No estoy clara acerca de dónde caería la etapa de los ensayos clínicos pero pienso que ello depende de la política científica de diversos países. En unos es asumida por los centros de investigación y en otros, por los productores.
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