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indicateurs au-dessus des champs

English translation: indicators above fields

18:28 Mar 14, 2011
French to English translations [PRO]
Tech/Engineering - Geology / Sedimentary basin evaluation
French term or phrase: indicateurs au-dessus des champs
This comes from a schedule for the evaluation of sedimentary basins, in particular concerning fluid expulsions in sediments. Here's the context:
"Etat des lieux (indicateurs sismiques, signification, type de fluides), liens dans une optique « source à expulsion ». Rôle particulier des pockmarks à hydrates. Calibration de la méthode sur zone parfaitement imagée (B17, indicateurs au-dessus des champs vs. hors champs)"

This is the only paragraph related to the theme. I'm afraid there might have to be some guesswork here.
Mark Bossanyi
Bulgaria
Local time: 08:50
English translation:indicators above fields
Explanation:
Whether we're talking oil or gas fields or pockmark fields, I cannot say. What I can say is that this all looks extremely interesting!

I also take back my discussion comment above, given that pockmarks have an earthquake relevance.

Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data in the Nyegga region expose hundreds of SEAFLOOR POCKMARKS AND FLUID ESCAPE CHIMNEYS in close proximity to the northern sidewall of the Storegga Slide, on the formerly glaciated Norwegian margin. As the up to 350 m wide individual craters of the Nyegga POCKMARK FIELD postdate the Late Glacial Maximum (∼25 calendar (cal) ka B.P.) and because modern fluid flux is characterized as microseepage at most, it appears that the POCKMARKS developed nearly simultaneously with some specific event. External types of forcing such as earthquake loading, the Storegga Slide (8.1 cal ka B.P.), or rapid sediment loading represent potential trigger mechanisms for developing hundreds of pockmarks within a millennial time window. We integrate the 3-D seismic observations with a two-dimensional (2-D) sedimentation–fluid flow model to quantify the effects of sediment loading and erosion on overpressure generation and FLUID EXPULSION. The models simulate the temporal evolution of compaction-driven overpressure and fluid expulsion based on SEDIMENTATION RATES ESTIMATED FROM SEISMIC DATA and hydrologic and sediment properties obtained from LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND PETROPHYSICAL DATA. The 2-D model predicts rapid overpressure generation in response to high sedimentation rates during the last (Weichselian) deglaciation period (25–18 cal ka B.P.). The high pressures significantly increase fluid expulsion, which peaks between 19 and 16 cal ka B.P. The modeled high-flux period and the following declining flux period exhibit an excellent correlation with existing age dates of methane-derived authigenic carbonate retrieved from Nyegga pockmarks. Accordingly, rapid sediment loading provides a mechanism to drive extensive cold seep formation. Our model suggests that the Nyegga pockmark field developed between 19 and 16 cal ka B.P. and therefore predates the giant Storegga Slide event.
http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/2009/2009GC002409.shtml

My PhD research deals with the SEDIMENTOLOGY OF POCKMARKS, which are craters in the sea bed. These depressions are circular or elongated in shape, sometimes occur in strings, and vary in size from less than 1 m to more than 1 km. POCKMARKS ARE FOUND WHERE THE BOTTOM IS COMPOSED BY SOFT, FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS (SILT, CLAY). They are being discovered all over the world as the area covered by high-resolution sea bed mapping increases. It is generally accepted that THESE STRUCTURES FORMED DUE TO THE EXPULSION OF FLUIDS (E.G. GROUNDWATER OR GAS) from the sea bottom.
Relevance
Pockmarks are actively studied worldwide in many fields.
• They are RELEVANT TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
o as INDICATORS of possible ESCAPE ROUTES OF HYDROCARBONS from reservoirs;
o because GAS HYDRATES (ice-like compounds of water and gas) are sometimes found in the sediments underlying them;
o due to concern about the stability of offshore structures that are built on POCKMARK FIELDS.
• IN EARTHQUAKE-PRONE REGIONS, POCKMARKS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED ACTIVATING BEFORE AND DURING EARTHQUAKES. They may thus be of significance as natural monitors of the underground fluid pressure.
• It has been argued that these sea floor depressions may represent a protected environment for benthic organisms from fish trawlers.
• Since in some cases POCKMARKS INDICATE ESCAPE PATHWAYS OF METHANE (a 20 times more efficient greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide), their importance has been claimed in affecting the global carbon cycle and, thereby, the global climate
http://folk.uio.no/mauro/research.html
Selected response from:

Bourth (X)
Local time: 07:50
Grading comment
Many thanks for the very helpful references
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +1indicators above fields
Bourth (X)
4Fields upper indicators
Mohamed Hosni
Summary of reference entries provided
findings
liz askew

Discussion entries: 6





  

Answers


2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
indicators above fields


Explanation:
Whether we're talking oil or gas fields or pockmark fields, I cannot say. What I can say is that this all looks extremely interesting!

I also take back my discussion comment above, given that pockmarks have an earthquake relevance.

Three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data in the Nyegga region expose hundreds of SEAFLOOR POCKMARKS AND FLUID ESCAPE CHIMNEYS in close proximity to the northern sidewall of the Storegga Slide, on the formerly glaciated Norwegian margin. As the up to 350 m wide individual craters of the Nyegga POCKMARK FIELD postdate the Late Glacial Maximum (∼25 calendar (cal) ka B.P.) and because modern fluid flux is characterized as microseepage at most, it appears that the POCKMARKS developed nearly simultaneously with some specific event. External types of forcing such as earthquake loading, the Storegga Slide (8.1 cal ka B.P.), or rapid sediment loading represent potential trigger mechanisms for developing hundreds of pockmarks within a millennial time window. We integrate the 3-D seismic observations with a two-dimensional (2-D) sedimentation–fluid flow model to quantify the effects of sediment loading and erosion on overpressure generation and FLUID EXPULSION. The models simulate the temporal evolution of compaction-driven overpressure and fluid expulsion based on SEDIMENTATION RATES ESTIMATED FROM SEISMIC DATA and hydrologic and sediment properties obtained from LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND PETROPHYSICAL DATA. The 2-D model predicts rapid overpressure generation in response to high sedimentation rates during the last (Weichselian) deglaciation period (25–18 cal ka B.P.). The high pressures significantly increase fluid expulsion, which peaks between 19 and 16 cal ka B.P. The modeled high-flux period and the following declining flux period exhibit an excellent correlation with existing age dates of methane-derived authigenic carbonate retrieved from Nyegga pockmarks. Accordingly, rapid sediment loading provides a mechanism to drive extensive cold seep formation. Our model suggests that the Nyegga pockmark field developed between 19 and 16 cal ka B.P. and therefore predates the giant Storegga Slide event.
http://www.agu.org/journals/ABS/2009/2009GC002409.shtml

My PhD research deals with the SEDIMENTOLOGY OF POCKMARKS, which are craters in the sea bed. These depressions are circular or elongated in shape, sometimes occur in strings, and vary in size from less than 1 m to more than 1 km. POCKMARKS ARE FOUND WHERE THE BOTTOM IS COMPOSED BY SOFT, FINE-GRAINED SEDIMENTS (SILT, CLAY). They are being discovered all over the world as the area covered by high-resolution sea bed mapping increases. It is generally accepted that THESE STRUCTURES FORMED DUE TO THE EXPULSION OF FLUIDS (E.G. GROUNDWATER OR GAS) from the sea bottom.
Relevance
Pockmarks are actively studied worldwide in many fields.
• They are RELEVANT TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
o as INDICATORS of possible ESCAPE ROUTES OF HYDROCARBONS from reservoirs;
o because GAS HYDRATES (ice-like compounds of water and gas) are sometimes found in the sediments underlying them;
o due to concern about the stability of offshore structures that are built on POCKMARK FIELDS.
• IN EARTHQUAKE-PRONE REGIONS, POCKMARKS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED ACTIVATING BEFORE AND DURING EARTHQUAKES. They may thus be of significance as natural monitors of the underground fluid pressure.
• It has been argued that these sea floor depressions may represent a protected environment for benthic organisms from fish trawlers.
• Since in some cases POCKMARKS INDICATE ESCAPE PATHWAYS OF METHANE (a 20 times more efficient greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide), their importance has been claimed in affecting the global carbon cycle and, thereby, the global climate
http://folk.uio.no/mauro/research.html


Bourth (X)
Local time: 07:50
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 142
Grading comment
Many thanks for the very helpful references

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  rkillings: 'overlying indicators' should do it.
20 hrs
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
Fields upper indicators


Explanation:
Suggestion.

Mohamed Hosni
Morocco
Local time: 06:50
Native speaker of: Native in ArabicArabic
Notes to answerer
Asker: Many thanks for your help!

Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)




Reference comments


54 mins
Reference: findings

Reference information:
[PDF]
Traceurs géochimiques et physiques dans la colonne d'eau ...
- [ Translate this page ]
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
Les panaches hydrothermaux peuvent être détectés dans la colonne d'eau au-dessus des champs hydrothermaux actifs et bien au delà (de 10 à 100 kilomètres) le ...
www.ifremer.fr/momarsat2010/fiches/fiche_serpentine_07.pd
1.
[PDF]
Geochemical and physical tracers in the water column, indicators ...
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
Hydrothermal plumes can be detected in the water column above active hydrothermal fields: and far away (from 10 to 100 l-cm) along the slope and the walls ...
www.ifremer.fr/momarsat2010/english/scientific_sheet07.pdf
2. Hydrothermal plumes imaged by high-resolution side-scan sonar on a ...
by H Kumagai - 2010
AUV; hydrothermal plume; side-scan sonar. Index Terms ... within the water column above an active hydrothermal field, the Iheya-North field, off Okinawa. ...
www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2010/2010GC003337.shtm

VISIONS '05 -- Mapping/Water Column
Water Column. Discovering New Hydrothermal Fields: Prospecting for Plumes ... cold ocean water, plumes rise in the water column above the fields, ...
www.visions05.washington.edu/mapping/watercolumn.html - Cache


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Note added at 58 mins (2011-03-14 19:27:00 GMT)
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39 Hydrothermal Field Lesson Plans Reviewed by Teachers
5 Mar 2011 ... Search hydrothermal field lesson plans to find teacher approved lesson plans. ... students search for indicators of hydrothermal vents. ...
www.lessonplanet.com/search?keywords=hydrothermal field... - Cached
TAG Hydrothermal Field: Mid-Atlantic Ridge crest at latitude 26"N
by PA Rona - 1980 - Cited by 40 - Related articles
Dredge stations (solid bars) within the TAG Hydrothermal Field (dashed lines) ..... water as another indicator of hydrothermal discharge. (Jenkins et al. ...
jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/137/4/385.full.pd

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 59 mins (2011-03-14 19:28:07 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

[PDF] Chimie et biorestauration des zones littorales après un ... - [ Translate this page ]
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
Une des grandes originalités des recherches sur le rôle du fer dans l'océan est d'avoir ... Hydrates de gaz en milieu océanique: énergie du futur ? Jean Luc CHARLOU ... Les zones à circulation de fluides, volcans de boues, pockmarks sont ..... cinq champs hydrothermaux dans l'ouest du Pacifique. ...
actions.maisondelachimie.com/index-p-getfile-action-pdfcolloque-i-41.html
[PDF] West Africa Cold Seeps - [ Translate this page ]
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View
We will assess the role of the geological structure on ... focus on relationships between hydrothermal-vents and cold-seeps species along the Atlantic ..... particulier sulfures) permettra de mieux comprendre les interactions ... boue, une zone riche en pockmarks et en hydrates de gaz affleurant et une zone en ...
www.sb-roscoff.fr/Ecchis/pdf/WACS2009.pdf - Simila

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Note added at 1 hr (2011-03-14 19:50:01 GMT)
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AND

Hydrothermal Minerals | National Museum Wales
Sedimentary-exhalative mineralization (often referred to as SedEx) involves the expulsion of hydrothermal fluids into sedimentary basins. ...
www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/834/ - Cached - Simil

liz askew
United Kingdom
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 37
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