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Italian to Spanish - Standard rate: 0.07 EUR per word / 25 EUR per hour Spanish to Italian - Standard rate: 0.07 EUR per word / 25 EUR per hour Spanish to English - Standard rate: 0.07 EUR per word / 25 EUR per hour Spanish - Standard rate: 0.07 EUR per word / 25 EUR per hour Italian - Standard rate: 0.07 EUR per word / 25 EUR per hour
English to Spanish: A World of Difference: The Rich State of Argumentation Theory (Fragment) General field: Social Sciences
Source text - English A World of Difference: The Rich State of Argumentation Theory FRANS H. VAN EEMEREN University of Amsterdam
Key words: Argumentation, difference of opinion, critical discussion, Radical Argumentativism, Communication and Rhetoric, Formal Dialectics, Pragma-Dialectics, Informal Logic, Formal Analysis of Fallacies. Abstract: This paper surveys the contributions to the study of argumentation in the two decades since the work of Toulmin and Perelman. Developments include Radical Argumentativism (Anscombre and Ducot), Communication and Rhetoric (American Speech Communication Theory), Informal Logic (Johnson and Blair), Formal Analyses of Fallacies (Woods and Walton), Formal Dialectics (Barth and Krabbe), and Pragma-Dialectics (van Eemeren and Grootendorst). From the survey it is concluded that argumentation theory has been considerably enriched. If the contributions can be made to converge, a sound basis will be created for developing educational methods for producing, interpreting and evaluating argumentative discourse. Thus, argumentation theory may be instrumental in improving the quality of democracy by furthering a reasonable management of differences of opinion.
1. Argumentation and democracy Speaking in Fulton, Missouri, from the same oaken lectern used by Winston Churchill almost fifty years ago to make his historic "Iron Curtain" speech, the former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev announced on May the 6th 1992 "a new era of worldwide democracy.'" Whether Gorbachev's visionary statement about "democracy" will prove to be accurate is hard to say, but it is certainly true that in the last decade there has been a general turn towards democracy.2 In the mid-seventies transitions to democracy were inaugurated in Southern Europe, in the early eighties in Latin America, and in 1989-during the "Autumn of the People"-in Eastern Europe. In his book Democracy and the Market, Przeworski (1991) cites a Soviet "anecdote" that nicely describes the situation before these transitions: A man is distributing leaflets in Red Square. He is stopped by a policeman, who confiscates the leaflets, only to discover that they are blank. "What are you spreading? They are blank. Nothing is written!" the surprised guardian of order exclaims. "Why write?" is the answer. "Everybody knows ... ". It is often observed that in the communist world speech had become a ritual--or otherwise it was dangerous. This has now fundamentally changed. In a period of major change and economic collapse, however, there are inevitably authoritarian temptations. Against this background, the question arises what kind of democracy will be the strongest and the most likely to last. In Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Joseph Schumpeter (1950), the most influential of modem theoreticians of democracy, defines democracy as "a political method, [ ... ] a certain type of institutional arrangement for arriving at political [ ... J decisions" (1943, p. 242).3 Ultimately, democracy can be seen as a
Translation - Spanish "Un mundo de diferencia:el rico estado de la teoría dela argumentación"
Palabras clave: argumentación, diferencia de opinión, discusión crítica, Argumentativismo Radical, Comunicación y Retórica, Dialéctica Formal, Pragmadialéctica, Lógica Informal, Análisis Formal de Falacias.
Resumen: Este artículo investiga las contribuciones al estudio de la argumentación en las dos décadas posteriores a los trabajos de Toulmin y Perelman. Tales desarrollos incluyen el Argumentativismo Radical (Anscombre and Ducrot), Comunicación y Retórica (Teoría
Americana del Discurso Comunicativo, Lógica Informal (Johnson y Blair), Análisis Formal de las Falacias (Woods and Walton), Dialéctica Formal (Barth and Krabbe), y Pragmadialéctica (van Eemeren y Grootendorst). A partir de esta investigación se concluye que la teoría de la argumentación ha sido enriquecida considerablemente. Si se logra que las contribuciones confluyan, se crearía una base sólida para el desarrollo de métodos educativos para producir, interpretar evaluar el discurso argumentativo. Así pues, la teoría de la argumentación puede ser un instrumento para
mejorar la calidad de la democracia mediante la promoción del manejo razonable de las diferencias de opinión.
1. Argumentación y democracia
Hablando desde Fulton, Missouri, en el mismo lugar usado por Churchill, hace casi 50 años para hacer su histórico discurso de la “Cortina de hierro”, el anterior líder soviético Mikhail Gorbachev, anunció el6 de mayo de 1816, una “nueva era de la democracia mundial”. Es difícil decir si esta afirmación visionaria de Gorbachev acerca de la “democracia” resulta ser cierta, pero es verdad que en la pasada década ha habido un giro general hacia la democracia. A mediados de los años setenta las transiciones a la democracia fueron inauguradas en la Europa del sur, a principios de los ochenta en Latinoamérica, y en 1989 –durante el “Otoño de la gente”– en la Europa del este. Przeworski, en su libro Democracia y mercado, cita una “anécdota” soviética que describe bien la situación antes de estas transiciones: "Un hombre distribuye panfletos en la Plaza Roja. es detenido por un policía, quien le confisca los panfletos para y descubre que están en blanco. “¿Qué estás difundiendo? Están en blanco. ¡Nada está escrito!” el sorprendido guardián del orden exclama”! ¿Por qué escribir?”, es la respuesta. “Todo el mundo lo sabe...” (1991)."
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Master's degree - University of Leeds
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Years of experience: 16. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2018.
English to Spanish (Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras (UNAM)) English to Spanish (MPhil) Spanish to English (MPhil) Spanish (Centro de Enseñanza de Lenguas Extranjeras (UNAM))
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Bio
Seven years of experience as a professional translator
of academic articles and books. My specialist fields are: General ordinary language, Linguistics, Logic,
Philosophy, IT, Literature and Social Sciences. I also like to translate
general texts.
I translate from English into Spanish and from Spanish into English and from English into Italian. I am available 7 days a week.
Efficient, accurate and friendly. Timezone: GMT +
1:00 CET
Some other language combinations are possible,
also including IPA
SOFTWARE: SDL Trados, Office, Adobe Acrobat.
Background: Candidate PhD in Linguistics at the
Centre for Linguistics at the University of Leiden (The Netherlands). I have a Degree as a Teacher of Spanish as a foreign language by one of the
leading universities in the Spanish speaking world, the National Autonomous University
of Mexico (UNAM) & translation professional studies. I have a Masters in
Philosophy of Logic* (MPhil, University of Leeds) and a Bachelor’s degree in
Philosophy at (UNAM).
of a book published by the University of Guadalajara
Press [Leal Carretero, et.al., 2015: Reflexiones sobre la argumentación en filosofía.
Guadalajara, University of Guadalajara Press.]
http://www.publicaciones.cucsh.udg.mx/pperiod/cgraduados/pdf/2015/Reflexiones.pdf
