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Japanese to English: Computers General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers (general)
Source text - Japanese 日本語においては、英語の「computer」のカタカナ語として「コンピュータ」または「コンピューター」を用いる。法用語では「電子計算機でんしけいさんき」という表現が刑法や著作権法等で用いられている。また、手動の機械式計算機などと違う点を強調して「自動」の語が初期には入ることもあったが、近年はほぼ見なくなった。「電子計算組織」という語もあり、官公庁の公式文書である入札公告、条例などで21世紀に入った後の使用例も見られる。「組織」の用法は大体「システム」といった意味のようである。電算機という語もあり、「電算業務」といった形で電算と略しても使われているが、情報処理学会が歴史について調査した際に、学会誌『情報処理』に掲載された富士通における歴史を述べた記事によれば、電子計算機以前の頃、リレーによる計算機によりサービスを開始した同社が（「電子」じゃないけど、ということで）使い始めた言葉であろう、と書かれている。他に、人工頭脳や電子頭脳、台湾や香港などでもよく使われる電脳といった言葉がある。
Translation - English In the Japanese katakana writing system, the word "computer" is rendered as "conpyuuta" or "conpyuutaa." The word "denshikeisanki" (a very formal term for computer) is used in legal fields such as criminal and copyright law. In the early days of computers, "jidou" (automatic) was used to distinguish them from manually-operated calculators, but this term is almost never used anymore. Another term is "denshikeisan soshiki," which can be seen after the turn of the 21st century in official government bid notices and laws, for example. "Soshiki" generally has a similar meaning to "system." There are other terms such as "densanki" and "densangyoumu" (or "densan" for short), but when the Information Processing Society of Japan performed a historical investigation, they published an article in the academic journal "Information Processing" about the history of Fujitsu; according to this article, before the use of "denshikeisanki," Fujitsu started a relay service using computers (saying they weren't "electronics") and they most likely were the ones who started using this word. Also, industries such as cybernetics and artificial intelligence, and places such as Taiwan and Hong Kong, often use "dennou."
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