Translation glossary: Chemitry II

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Laerte da Silva

Laerte da Silva

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a compound containing just hydrogen and another element, most often a metal. Examples: water (H2O), methane (CH4) and phosphine (PH3).

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Molecule which contains only hydrogen and carbon. Type of organic molecule.

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a compound in which only hydrogen and carbon atoms are present. Most fuels are hydrocarbons, as is the simple plastic, polyethene. Example: methane CH

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a type of attractive force that holds one molecule to another. It is one of the weaker forms of intermolecular attractive force. Example: hydrogen bon

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hydrogen bonding

Strong type of intermolecular dipole-dipole atttraction. Occurs between hydrogen and F, O or N.

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When water reacts with another substance and as a result the oxygen in water makes a bond with the substance.

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hydrated with water.

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PV=nRT Describes the relationship between pressure (P), temperature (T), volume (V), and moles of gas (n). It is not completely accurate, and becomes

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A math property which states: A+0=A and A*1=A.

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ignition temperature

the temperature at which a substance begins to burn.

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will not mix with another substance. e.g. oil and water.

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glowing or shining with heat. Example: tungsten filament in an incandescent light bulb.

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incomplete combustion

combustion in which only some of the reactant or reactants combust, or the products are not those that would be obtained if all the reactions went to

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induction period

the time taken for a reaction to reach ignition temperature. During this period, no apparent reaction occurs, then the materials appear to undergo spo

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a substance that prevents a reaction from occurring.

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inorganic substance

a substance that does not contain carbon and hydrogen. Examples: NaCl, CaCO3.

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a substance that will not dissolve.

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Intermediary product

See \"transition structure\"

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intermolecular forces

Forces between molecules.

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intramolecular forces

Forces within molecules. Forces caused by the attraction and repulsion of charged particles.

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A math property which states: A+(-A)=0 and A*(1/A)=1

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Atom or group of atoms which has a net charge, ie, there are not enough electrons to properly balance out the charge of the nuclei.

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an atom, or group of atoms, that has gained or lost one or more electrons and so developed an electrical charge. Ions behave differently from electric

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ion to form a base.

conjugate base A substance which can gain a H

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ion to form an acid.

convection the exchange of heat energy with the surroundings produced by the flow of a fluid due to being heated or cooled.

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ion-dipole forces

Intermolecular force that exist between charged particles and partially charged molecules.

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the form of bonding that occurs between two ions when the ions have opposite charges. Example: sodium cations bond with chloride anions to form common

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When two oppositely charged atoms share at least one pair of electrons but the electrons spend more time near one of the atoms than the other.

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a compound that consists of ions. Example: NaCl.

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a process that creates ions.

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to break up neutral molecules into oppositely charged ions or to convert atoms into ions by the loss of electrons.

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Ionization energy

Amount of energy required to remove one electron from an atom.

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ionization energy

Energy required to remove an electron from a specific atom.

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When a substance breaks into its ionic components.

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Having the same number of atoms of each element as another molecule. L

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one of two or more atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons in their nucleus (atomic number), but which have a different number

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Elements with the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons, and thus different masses. K

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The SI Unit of temperature. It is the degrees celsius plus 273.

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Energy an object has because of its mass and velocity. Objects that don\'t move have no kinetic energy. (Kinetic Energy=0.5* mass*velocity2.

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Kipp\'s apparatus

a special piece of glassware consisting of three chambers, designed to provide a continuous and regulated production of gas by bringing the reactants

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the amount of heat that is absorbed or released during the process of changing state between gas, liquid or solid. For example, heat is absorbed when

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a regular arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline solid.

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Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals: An approximation which sums atomic orbitals (with certain coefficients) to produce molecular bonding and anti-b

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Le Chatlier\'s principle

Le Chatlier\'s principle States that a system at equilibrum will oppose any change in the equilibrium conditions.

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the extraction of a substance by percolating a solvent through a material. Example: when water flows through an ore, some of the heavy metals in it ma

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Lewis structures

A way of representing molecular structures based on valence electrons.

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Liebig condenser

a piece of glassware consisting of a sloping water-cooled tube. The design allows a volatile material to be condensed and collected.

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lime (quicklime)|lime

calcium oxide (CaO). A white, caustic solid, manufactured by heating limestone and used for making mortar, fertiliser or bleach.

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an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, used especially to detect the presence of carbon dioxide.

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