English to Serbian Tech/Engineering Automotive / Cars & Trucks

The timing system of an engine is extremely important. In the 4-stroke cycle opening and closing of the valves needs to happen at a specific point in relation to piston position and movement. The timing system connects the crankshaft and the camshaft(s) and warrants that the movements are always correct.
A crankshaft rotates at twice the speed of a camshaft, this means that the gear ratio of camshaft/crankshaft is 2:1. Nowadays, almost every timing system is of the “interference” type. This means that valves and piston will occupy the same space with intervals. A consequence is that if the timing system fails, they will collide with usually very severe damage as a consequence.
Historical, there are three types of timing system:
A gear driven timing
The connection between crank and cam is completely done with gears
Extremely reliable but expensive, noisy and energy consuming
A belt driven timing
Inexpensive, silent and efficient
High maintenance
A chain driven timing
The best compromise and exclusively used system on current engine range