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English to Japanese - Rates: 0.08 - 0.12 USD per word / 26 - 36 USD per hour Japanese to English - Rates: 0.08 - 0.12 USD per character / 26 - 36 USD per hour
English to Japanese: Economics (European Debt Crisis) General field: Bus/Financial Detailed field: Economics
Source text - English Causes
The European sovereign debt crisis resulted from a combination of complex factors, including the globalization of finance; easy credit conditions during the 2002–2008 period that encouraged high-risk lending and borrowing practices; the 2007–2012 global financial crisis; international trade imbalances; real-estate bubbles that have since burst; the 2008–2012 global recession; fiscal policy choices related to government revenues and expenses; and approaches used by nations to bail out troubled banking industries and private bondholders, assuming private debt burdens or socializing losses.
One narrative describing the causes of the crisis begins with the significant increase in savings available for investment during the 2000–2007 period when the global pool of fixed-income securities increased from approximately $36 trillion in 2000 to $70 trillion by 2007. This "Giant Pool of Money" increased as savings from high-growth developing nations entered global capital markets. Investors searching for higher yields than those offered by U.S. Treasury bonds sought alternatives globally.
The temptation offered by such readily available savings overwhelmed the policy and regulatory control mechanisms in country after country, as lenders and borrowers put these savings to use, generating bubble after bubble across the globe. While these bubbles have burst, causing asset prices (e.g., housing and commercial property) to decline, the liabilities owed to global investors remain at full price, generating questions regarding the solvency of governments and their banking systems.
How each European country involved in this crisis borrowed and invested the money varies.
For example, Ireland's banks lent the money to property developers, generating a massive property bubble. When the bubble burst, Ireland's government and taxpayers assumed private debts. In Greece, the government increased its commitments to public workers in the form of extremely generous wage and pension benefits, with the former doubling in real terms over 10 years. Iceland's banking system grew enormously, creating debts to global investors (external debts) several times GDP.
The interconnection in the global financial system means that if one nation defaults on its sovereign debt or enters into recession putting some of the external private debt at risk, the banking systems of creditor nations face losses. For example, in October 2011, Italian borrowers owed French banks $366 billion (net). Should Italy be unable to finance itself, the French banking system and economy could come under significant pressure, which in turn would affect France's creditors and so on.
This is referred to as financial contagion. Another factor contributing to interconnection is the concept of debt protection. Institutions entered into contracts called credit default swaps (CDS) that result in payment should default occur on a particular debt instrument (including government issued bonds). But, since multiple CDSs can be purchased on the same security, it is unclear what exposure each country's banking system now has to CDS.
Greece hid its growing debt and deceived EU officials with the help of derivatives designed by major banks. Although some financial institutions clearly profited from the growing Greek government debt in the short run, there was a long lead-up to the crisis.
Japanese to English: Japanese Patent (Server and Browser System) General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Computers: Systems, Networks
Source text - Japanese http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?DB=EPODOC&II=1&ND=3&adjacent=true&locale=en_EP&FT=D&date=20000421&CC=JP&NR=2000112888A&KC=A
Translation - English SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problem To Be Solved:
To judge whether sequences of operations performed on browsers are appropriate or not.
Solution:
A browser operation management system 6 included in a system 7 comprising browsers 3a to 3c ,which displays data from a server 2 and accepts operations performed by users, and the server 2, which receives information on user's operations made on the browsers 3a to 3c and executes data processing, comprising a means for judging whether a sequence of operations made on the browsers 3a to 3c is appropriate or not based on whether a displayed screen on the browsers 3a to 3c transmitting information on user's operations matches a screen generated with the latest data processing performed on the server 2 or not.
What is claimed is:
1. A browser operation management system included in a system comprising browsers, which display data from a server and accept operations performed by users, and the server, which receives information on user's operations made on said browsers and executes data processing, comprising a judgment means judging whether a sequence of operations made on said browsers is appropriate or not based on whether a screen on said browser accepting a predetermined operation matches a screen generated with the latest data processing performed by said server when said server receives said information on user's operation made in response to said predetermined operation.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0071] A second embodiment of the invention is a browser operation management system included in a system comprising browsers, which display data from a server and accept operations performed by users, and the server, which receives information on user's operations made on said browsers and executes data processing, comprising a storage measure storing information on operation sent from the browser to the server, a reference information extraction measure extracting reference information, which is information previously sent by the browser to request the server for transmitting data for displaying on the browser, added on the information on operations, and a judgment means judging whether a sequence of operations is appropriate or not by comparing the information on operations stored in the storage measure and the reference information extracted by the reference information extraction measure.
English to Japanese: Japanese Patent (Coaxial Connector Mechanism) General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Mechanics / Mech Engineering
Source text - English http://www.j-tokkyo.com/1996/H01R/JP08203612.shtml
Translation - Japanese SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Purpose of the Invention:
To attain solid lock of coaxial connectors with a small, inexpensive, and minimal mechanism.
Configuration of the Invention:
The present invention comprises a male connector 1 and a female connector 2 engaging with each other at their ends, a male connector housing 3, which has a circular, polygonal exterior shape and a hollow with a thread inside, rotatably provided at the connecting end of the male connector 1, a thread 4, which is threaded into the thread in the male housing 3, formed on an exterior surface of the connecting end of the female connector 2, a male connector supporting plate 5, which supports the male connector housing 3 with a supporting notch 5a on the upper end thereof that engages with the bottom side of the male housing 3, a male assembly fixing plate 6 touching a side of the male connector supporting plate 5, an arc-like guiding hole 5b formed in the touching part of the male connector supporting plate 5 touching the male assembly fixing plate 6, and a male assembly fixing screw 7 that fixes the male connector supporting plate 5 on the male assembly fixing plate 6 by getting threaded into the male assembly fixing plate 6 through the guiding hole 5b of the male connector supporting plate 5.
What is claimed is:
1. A coaxial connector with a locking mechanism which comprises:
a male connector and a female connector engaging with each other at their ends;
a male connector housing, which has a circular, polygonal exterior shape and a hollow with a thread formed inside, rotatably provided at the connecting end of said male connector;
a thread, which is formed on an exterior surface of the connecting end of said female connector and threaded into the thread of said male connector housing;
a male connector supporting plate, which supports said male connector housing, with a supporting notch formed on the upper end thereof engaging with the bottom side of said male connector housing;
a male assembly fixing plate touching a side of said male connector supporting plate;
an arc-like guiding hole formed in the touching part of said male connector supporting plate touching said male assembly fixing plate; and
a male assembly fixing screw, which fixes said male connector supporting plate on said male assembly fixing plate, threaded into said male assembly fixing plate through said guiding hole of said male connector supporting plate.
2. A coaxial connector with a locking mechanism according to claim 1, characterized by said supporting notch of said male connector supporting plate with a number of edges of exterior polygonal shape exceeding a number of edges of bottom exterior polygonal shape of said male connector housing.
[0002] Prior Art:
In a conventionally-known coaxial connectors with a male connector and a female connector engaging with each other at their ends, a housing with a hexagonal exterior shape and a hollow with a thread inside, rotatably arranged on the connecting end of the male connector, is provided. The connectors are locked by threading the housing into another thread formed on an exterior surface at the connecting end of the female connector.
[0003] However, there is a drawback in that threads can be easily loosen when external forces such as vibrations and impacts are applied on the connecting part because the connection is made only with the screw on the housing. This drawback is a serious problem in applications such as coaxial connectors for microwave multiplexers and splitters that suffer serious performance loss even with slight relaxation of connections.
[0025] EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a coaxial connector with a locking mechanism by the present invention is illustrated in the following drawings and explained below. Fig. 1 is a breakdown perspective view of a first embodiment of a coaxial connector with a locking mechanism by the present invention. Fig. 2 is a front view of a supporting plate of the locking mechanism shown in Fig. 1.
[0026] An item 1 is a male connector, and an item 2 is a female connector in the figure. A coaxial connector consists of the male connector 1 and the female connector 2 engaging with each other at their ends.
[0027] An item 3 is a male connector housing, rotatably provided at the connecting end of the male connector 1. The male connector housing 3 is formed as a cap nut with a polygonal exterior shape and has a hollow with a thread inside. In this embodiment, it has a hexagonal exterior shape as shown in Fig. 1.
Japanese to English: Japanese Patent (Printer/Copier Optical System) General field: Tech/Engineering Detailed field: Electronics / Elect Eng
Source text - Japanese http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?FT=D&date=19990810&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_EP&CC=JP&NR=11218991A&KC=A&ND=4
Translation - English SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problem To Be Solved:
To provide a laser printer attaining easier polygon mirror alignment, smaller devices, and improved reliability.
Solution:
A printer by the present invention comprises a single laser unit 1 with a single laser diode (LD) successively emitting a laser beam for a color on each of a plurality of mirror surfaces in a multiple of four, tilt in four certain kinds of angles, those tilt angles repeat every four successive mirror surfaces. The image laser beams for four colors from the LD are projected and deflected on the polygon mirrors tilt by certain angles, then reflected and deflected by first reflecting mirrors 5(Y), 5(M), 5(C), and 5(BK), second reflecting mirrors 6(Y), 6(M), 6(C), and 6(BK), and third reflecting mirrors 7(Y), 7(M), 7(C), and 7(BK) to scan on photoconductive drums 11(Y), 11(M), 11(C), and 11(BK).
What is claimed is:
1. A tandem color laser printer with four developing units, which comprises:
a polygon mirror having mirror surfaces in a multiple of four, which are tilt by four kinds of angles and so arranged that whose tilt angles repeat every four successive surfaces; and
a single laser unit having a single laser diode successively emitting a laser beam for each of colors on each of the mirror surfaces on said polygon mirror.
2. A color laser printer according to claim 1, further comprising:
a set of three reflecting mirrors for each color, each set deflecting an image laser beam for a color that is projected by said laser diode and deflected with a said mirror surface tilt by a certain angle, for scanning on four photoconductive drums each dedicated for a color.
3. A color laser printer according to claim 2, further comprising a beam detector generating a beam detection signal when detecting said image laser beam for a color arranged on each of said photoconductive drums dedicated for a color, wherein said laser diode projects a laser beam on said polygon mirror in association with said beam detection signal.
[0002] Prior Art:
A printer in this kind by the prior art is illustrated in Fig. 5. The illustrated printer is a tandem type device having four developing units for four colors: yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (BK). The printer comprises developing units having photoconductive drums 61(Y), 61(M), 61(C), and 61(BK) each having photoconductive drum cleaners 65(Y), 65(M), 65(C), and 65(BK) respectively, a polygon mirror, not shown in the figure, having mirror surfaces in a multiple of four (usually, 8 mirror surfaces are provided) tilt by four kinds of angles (Y-angle, M-angle, C-angle, and BK-angle) and so arranged that whose tilt angles repeat every four successive mirror surfaces, laser units 51(Y), 51(M), 51(C), and 51(BK) each having a laser diode for a specific color emitting an image laser beam, first reflecting mirrors 55(Y), 55(M), 55(C), and 55(BK) and second reflecting mirrors 56(Y), 56(M), 56(C), and 56(BK) provided to form photoconductive images on the photoconductive drums 61(Y), 61(M), 61(C), and 61(BK) by reflecting laser beams projected by laser units 51(Y), 51(M), 51(C), and 51(BK), and developing units 60(Y), 60(M), 60(C), and 60(BK) that generate toner images on the photoconductive drums 61(Y), 61(M), 61(C), and 61(BK) when laser beams are projected.
[0003] The color laser printer further comprises a paper transfer unit having a driving roller 68 that feeds and transfers a paper 73 from a feeder unit, a first following roller 69, a second following roller 70, a third following roller 71, a feeding roller 74, and a transfer roller 75, an image transfer belt 66 with an image transfer belt cleaner 72 that transfers the paper 73 to form a toner image by successively overlaying single color toner images formed on the photoconductive drums 61(Y), 61(M), 61(C), and 61(BK), a fixing unit 76 that fixes toner images on the paper 73 by applying heat and pressure, an outlet unit that ejects the paper 73 with fixed images, and an outlet paper tray that stacks the ejected paper 73.
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Years of experience: 26. Registered at ProZ.com: Dec 2002.
