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Glossary entry

Spanish term or phrase:

locuciones conjuntivas

English translation:

conjunctive phrases

Added to glossary by maryblack
Sep 18, 2013 12:01
10 yrs ago
10 viewers *
Spanish term

locuciones conjuntivas

Spanish to English Social Sciences Linguistics grammatical terms
The text is distinguishing between conjunctions (and, or but) and groups of words that serve as conjunctions, called locuciones conjuntivas (o sea, ademas de, etc.). Help! My grammar terminology is failing me today. What do we call these?
Proposed translations (English)
4 +2 conjunctive phrases
3 +2 conjunctive expressions
3 +1 compound conjunctions
4 -1 conjunctive clauses

Discussion

Muriel Vasconcellos Sep 19, 2013:
@ Peter Yes, you are absolutely correct: 'compound conjunctions' is the teacher's term, and 'conjunctive phrases' is the linguist's term. They are synonymous. As a linguist, I prefer the latter because it's more descriptive. 'Conjunctive expressions' would be an informal way of saying it, whereas 'phrases' is the linguist's term.
peter jackson Sep 19, 2013:
It does seem to me it depends a little on the register of the ST. I have been (was) an EFL teacher for 30 years and compound conjunctions seems more of a layman's term and conjunctive phrase a linguist's term. Not one I would have thrown around in class.
Muriel Vasconcellos Sep 19, 2013:
@ Charles Re: compound conjunction That would work, too.
Charles Davis Sep 19, 2013:
locución I had not addressed the scope of “locución”. I think “phrase” is the nearest equivalent for this word. “Expression” is very often a suitable translation too. The main difference, I think, is that “phrase”, like “locución”, always means a group of words, whereas “expression” can be a single word. That difference is relevant in this particular case, where the distinction is precisely between one word and more than one, which is why I think “phrase” would be more suitable than “expression” here. (In the source Toni cited, where Halliday refers to a “conjunctive expression”, he is defining a conjunctive, which can be one word or more than one.) But the question concerns the phrase (or expression) “locución conjuntiva” as a whole.
Charles Davis Sep 19, 2013:
@ Muriel The very last thing I want to do is “diss” Michael Halliday, whose stature and importance are beyond dispute. And it is perfectly true that “conjunctive” is a standard term, indeed an indispensable term, in linguistics. Halliday himself, and others, regularly use expressions like “conjunctive relation”. Let me say again that I am not for a moment claiming that “conjunctive phrase” is an incorrect way of referring to a conjunction consisting of more than one word, but simply that in my view it doesn’t happen to be the usual way of doing so in English grammar. The same applies to “conjunctional phrase”, which is a less common alternative.

The question specifically concerns how to express the contrast between conjuntions consisting of one word and those consisting of more than one, and my view is that “simple conjunction” and “compound conjunction” would be normal. I think “simple” (or “one-word”) may be needed, since a compound conjunction (or conjunctive phrase) is still a conjunction, so the contrast is not strictly between “conjunctions” and “compound conjunctions/conjunctive phrases”, since the latter are a subset of the former.
Mike Yarnold (X) Sep 19, 2013:
Sorry Muriel;

How to Express a Condition? We use several different structures to express a condition in English. The most common among these structures are explained here.

By using a conjunctional phrase A condition can be expressed by using conjunctional phrases such as in case. In case it rains, I shall put on my rain coat. In case you are not satisfied with the product, you can send it back.
Read more at http://www.englishpractice.com/improve/express-condition/#9P...
Muriel Vasconcellos Sep 18, 2013:
@ Charles Re: Halliday Well, Michael Alexander Kirkwood Halliday was my guru. I used his model for my doctoral thesis, and none of my advisers objected to his terminology. The term 'conjunctive' is pretty standard in the linguistics field. I understood that the question was more about the scope of "locuciones" in English.
Charles Davis Sep 18, 2013:
I said "rarely, if ever", out of native caution, but in recognition that English grammarians do sometimes use "conjunctive" in relation to conjunctions. Toni has just quoted an example from Michael Halliday. But it's a pretty rare exception, I think, and may to some extent be a personal usage. Generally speaking, it is not easy to find works on English grammar using the word "conjunctive" when referring to conjunctions, but as I say, when you turn to French grammar, for example, it's very common.

And of course it's not wrong, not at all. "Conjunctive" certainly can mean "of the nature of or relating to a conjunction" in grammar (just look in any good dictionary). I repeat, I am simply talking about prevailing custom.

There are exceptions: the term "conjunctive adverb" is well established in English grammar. But to refer specifically to a conjunction consisting of more than one word, "compound conjunction" is what is usually said.
Charles Davis Sep 18, 2013:
conjunctive This question is interesting, I think, because it illustrates the weight of custom in usage. The word “conjunctive”, as an adjective from “conjunction”, is quite commonly used when referring to other languages, such as French or Spanish, but English-speaking grammarians rarely if ever use it when referring to English. You often find references to “conjunctive” phrases or expressions in French, for example, meaning conjunctions consisting of more than one word. I think the explanation for this is probably that French grammarians call them “phrases conjonctives”, and if you study French you get used to transferring this expression into English. The same probably goes for “locuciones conjuntivas” in Spanish. In short, I strongly suspect that the use of “conjunctive” in this sense is really a calque.

On the other hand, “conjunctive” is used in English linguistics to denote a different phenomenon: expressions of the form “X and Y” or “X-Y”, involving a conjunction of two or more elements.

Note that we talk about “verb phrases” and “noun phrases” in English, not “verbal” or “substantival”. It’s a matter of customary style, really.

Proposed translations

+2
6 hrs
Selected

conjunctive phrases

I took a semester-long course in Portuguese morphology and syntax at Georgetown University, taught in Portuguese, and this was how the term was used.

I would give this a level 5 certainty, but I've learned that it has a counterproductive effect.

Many hits for 'conjunctive phrases' in English.

For example:

quizlet.com/1770293/conjunctive-phrases-flash-cards/‎
Jan 30, 2010 - Vocabulary words for Conjunctive phrases . Includes studying games and tools such as flashcards.

www.cram.com/cards/french-conjunctive-phrases-429953‎
Study Flashcards On French Conjunctive Phrases at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade ...
Peer comment(s):
agree Mike Yarnold (X) : conjunctional phrase in my Gran Larousse Dictionary E.G locución nf phrase q locución adjetiva adjectival phrase; locución adverbial adverbial phrase; locución conjuntiva conjunctional phrase; locución prepositiva prepositional phrase; locución verbal ve
6 hrs
Hmmm. I haven't heard of 'conjunctional phrase', but thanks for the agree.
agree Belli : This is correct.
1 day 28 mins
Thanks, Belli!
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thanks to Muriel and everyone else!"
+1
8 mins

compound conjunctions

Peer comment(s):
agree Charles Davis : Absolutely.
5 hrs
Thanks, Charles.
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-1
1 hr

conjunctive clauses

There are conjunctions and conjunctive phrases or clauses.
Peer comment(s):
disagree Charles Davis : They are definitely not clauses.
4 hrs
I meant to put phrases but got swayed at the last minute by the French translation. If conjunctions connect two clauses they can't be clauses.
Something went wrong...
+2
23 mins

conjunctive expressions

I am posting this alternative that seems right to me. As you can see below, these expressions can also be called “sentence linkers”, but I think the term “conjunctive” fits better here.


http://www.fe.hku.hk/telec/pgram/5-gr/e10-041.htm
Conjunctive expressions
Closely related to conjunctions are 'conjunctive expressions' (in other words, that is to say, ie, for example, for instance, in particular, eg, in fact, actually, indeed):
Bozo loved playing sport, in particular he loved playing tennis.
in dependent clause dependent clause
Conjunctive expressions are commonly used to 'elaborate' one clause through another clause.

Sentence linkers
A large number of expressions are used to link two sentences and make the text cohesive, ie make it 'hang together'. The forms are either conjunctions (and, but, because, or, so) or 'conjunctive expressions' (in other words, that is to say, ie, for example, for instance, in particular, eg, in fact, actually, indeed):
Granny was busy with a new case. Besides, she had to look after her husband.
Note that when we link two sentences by means of a sentence linker, the two sentences remain separate and keep their individual punctuation.



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Note added at 6 hrs (2013-09-18 18:43:20 GMT)
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http://books.google.es/books?id=lPdxvB8wAxgC&pg=PA87&lpg=PA8...
Peer comment(s):
agree Vidomar (X)
1 hr
Thank you, Vidomar.
agree Al Zaid : could also be "utterances", but expression fits the profile. I also found "conjunctive phrases"
2 hrs
Thank you, Alberto. "Expression" seems to be much more common.
neutral Charles Davis : This term is logically correct but not in practice used by English grammarians or in TEFL. Your Hong Kong source is not representative. // This use of "conjunctive expression" is exceptional, I think.
5 hrs
Thanks for your feedback, Charles. I have added a new reference, from Oxford.
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