on-formal
Spanish translation: no formales
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| 08:00 May 26, 2011 |
| English to Spanish translations [PRO] Social Sciences - International Org/Dev/Coop | |||||
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|  Selected response from: Charles Davis Spain Local time: 06:10 | ||||
Grading comment
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| 4 | académicas |
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| 4 | formales |
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| 4 | no formales |
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Answers
3 mins confidence: 
académicas Explanation: la frase sería: ... así como alternativas tanto académicas como vocacionales... |
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9 mins confidence:
formales Explanation: En mi opinión hay un problema de redacción y salvo que otros colegas opinen lo contrario, sobra el on-. Podría interpretarse que "there is a need on formal...", pero en cualquier caso sin guión. Debería leerse "as well as formal and vocational learning alternatives", así como opciones de aprendizaje formales y de formación profesional. |
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24 mins confidence:
no formales Explanation: Creo que "on-formal" no tiene ningún sentido, y que se trata de una errata por "non-formal". La "non-formal education" o "educación no formal" es una categoría reconocida dentro de la teoría educativa, y aparece muchas veces, precisamente, junto con "vocational": "In SOLIDAR‟s view, investing in skills, competences and knowledge and recognising and validating both „soft‟ and „hard‟ skills, competences and knowledge acquired through informal, non-formal and vocational education and training is necessary to contribute to fighting education „gaps‟ and hence contributing to increasing people‟s opportunities to access the labour market and to participate in society (active citizenship, volunteering)." https://community.oecd.org/docs/DOC-24110 "The African Development Fund (ADF) has approved a loan of 15 million Units of Accounts (UA)* and a UA 1 million Technical Assistance Fund (TAF) grant, totalling an amount equivalent to US $ 21.16 million to finance the rehabilitation of basic, non-formal and vocational education project (Education III Project) in Sierra Leone." http://reliefweb.int/node/111570 Se suele diferenciar entre "informal education" y "non-formal education", y la diferencia se refleja en castellano de la misma manera: "educación informal" frente a "educación no formal": "Formal education: the hierarchically structured, chronologically graded 'education system', running from primary school through the university and including, in addition to general academic studies, a variety of specialised programmes and institutions for full-time technical and professional training. Informal education: the truly lifelong process whereby every individual acquires attitudes, values, skills and knowledge from daily experience and the educative influences and resources in his or her environment - from family and neighbours, from work and play, from the market place, the library and the mass media. Non-formal education: any organised educational activity outside the established formal system - whether operating separately or as an important feature of some broader activity - that is intended to serve identifiable learning clienteles and learning objectives. The distinction made is largely administrative. Formal education is linked with schools and training institutions; non-formal with community groups and other organizations; and informal covers what is left, e.g. interactions with friends, family and work colleagues." http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-nonfor.htm#idea "En el ámbito de la política educativa se distingue frecuentemente entre aprendizaje (o educación) formal, informal y no formal. La diferencia entre estas categorías, y especialmente entre las dos últimas (informal y no formal), no siempre es nítida y se presta a confusión, pero si nos remontamos hasta el origen de la distinción es posible comprender mejor las cosas" http://ciencias-de-la-educacion-004.espacioblog.com/post/200... Véanse también: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonformal_learning http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educación_no_formal http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educación_informal (La Wikipedia no tiene un artículo sobre "informal learning" en inglés.) -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 37 mins (2011-05-26 08:38:38 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Por cierto, me parece que "learning alternatives" apunta también a esta interpretación: "alternatives" me sugiere "alternatives to (formal) schooling". El autor ya ha hablado de reconstruir y rehabilitar escuelas; aquí se refiere a alternativas para los que no tienen acceso a ellas. |
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