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Translation
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Specializes in:
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General / Conversation / Greetings / Letters
Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Journalism
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Open to considering volunteer work for registered non-profit organizations
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Italian to English - Standard rate: 0.07 GBP per word / 30 GBP per hour French to English - Standard rate: 0.07 GBP per word / 30 GBP per hour
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Sample translations submitted: 1
French to English: Un thème d’anthropologie bioculturelle
Source text - French Un thème d’anthropologie bioculturelle
L’allaitement maternel est un comportement fondamental, que nous partageons avec les autres mammifères. Ses caractéristiques sont le résultat d’une longue adaptation, dont les signes se dévoilent progressivement au fur et à mesure des découvertes de la biologie et de l’anthropologie biologique, qui mettent en évidence les qualités nutritionnelles et immunologiques du lait humain. Des travaux ont décrit “l’empreinte des hominidés” dans les analogies et les différences entre espèces concernant la composition du lait, la physiologie de la lactation et les comportements en matière d’allaitement. Ainsi, l’allaitement a occupé une place privilégiée dans cette approche de l’anthropologie qui consiste, à l’interface entre biologie et société, à préciser ce qui fait l’unité de l’Homme plutôt que détailler la diversité des cultures. Ces travaux montrent également que l’adaptation biologique a permis de maintenir la qualité du lait quel que soit l’environnement, y compris dans des conditions extrêmes de température, de dépense énergétique ou de malnutrition chez la mère. Ils conduisent à se poser ainsi la question actuelle : l’adaptation culturelle permettra-t-elle de protéger l’enfant contre le risque infectieux ?
L’allaitement obéit-il à une “loi naturelle” ou à une “construction sociale” ? s’interroge V. Maher (1992). Ces deux termes ne devraient pas être opposés : l’allaitement est à la fois un acte “naturel” à expression biologique, physiologique et comportementale, soumis aux règles de l’espèce, et une “construction culturelle”, chaque société ayant le pouvoir, en modulant les règles, d’inscrire sa marque tant dans la composition du lait que dans la physiologie de la mère. Mettre en avant la dimension naturelle de l’allaitement ou sa construction sociale n’est alors qu’une question de point de vue
Translation - English A bioculturally anthropological theme
Maternal breastfeeding is a fundamental behaviour which we share with other mammals. Its characteristics are the result of a long process of adaptation, the features of which are progressively revealed along with discoveries in biology and biological anthropology that highlight the nutritional and immunological benefits of human milk. Certain works have described “the distinguishing features of hominids” in the analogies and differences between species regarding the composition of milk, the physiology of lactation and behaviours in breastfeeding. Thus, breastfeeding occupied a privileged place in this anthropological approach at the interface of biology and society, which consists of specifying what unites man rather than detailing the diversity of cultures. These works also show that biological adaptation has ensured that the quality of milk is preserved in all environments, including in extreme conditions of temperature, expenditure of energy or malnutrition of the mother. They therefore prompt the current question - will cultural adaptation enable the protection of the child from infectious risk?
V. Maher asks whether breastfeeding is subject to “natural law” or “social construct” (1992). These two terms should not be mutually exclusive. Breastfeeding is both a “natural” biological, physiological and behavioural act, subject to the rules of a species, and a “cultural construction” - all societies, by modifying the rules, are able to affect as much the composition of milk as the physiology of the mother. Whether to emphasise the natural aspects of breastfeeding or its social construct is simply a matter of opinion.
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Translation education
Master's degree - Imperial
Experience
Years of experience: 20. Registered at ProZ.com: Nov 2004.
I am a native English speaker and freelance writer and editor. I translate from French>English and Italian>English.I have a postgraduate qualification: Msc in Medical, Scientific and Technical Translation with Translation Technology from Imperial College London. I also have a BA Joint (Hons) degree in Modern Languages: French and Italian from the University of Manchester. Areas of specialisation: refugee/migration charities/NGOs; green/environmental politics; feminism. And cats.
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