I was born and raised in Palermo, Italy. I earned a Laurea in Tecniche Audioprotesiche (Bachelor of Science in Hearing Instrument Specialist) at the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Siena. I regularly attend medicine continuing education courses in the US and in Italy. I have worked as a Hearing Instrument Specialist both in Italy and US. My technical background is solidly based in both English and Italian.
A translator must know not only what the target readers of a technical document infer, but also the target technical culture, in order to avoid the “trans-cultural” embarrassments too often seen in translations. Native fluency is not enough. There are no shortcuts to advanced technical education and experience. New terminology often trip translators who lack a technical background, even if they have translated for years. The terminological accuracy of my translations is grounded in years of study and work in the medical field in both Italy and the United States. Only a translator with an extensive technical background will understand technical concepts and know how to research new fields quickly and apply the correct technical terminology to your translation.
I am fully bilingual and bicultural, which implies strong command both of Italian and English culture and language. I am an acute observer and I am always updated on American Politics, Economy, Finance, Art, Culture and Facts. The first step in translating documents is to understand them fully. In the United States, I am in constant touch with American English and with changes in the technical subjects of documents. Without up-to-date linguistic fluency, it is easy to miss nuances of meaning or changes to the way English is used. Consider how quickly metaphors and references taken from current movies or television shows appear in technical and marketing documents. Without up-to-date technical fluency, it is difficult to catch new jargon, especially old technical terms used in new or different ways, or borrowed from other industries or subjects but with new connotations. The translator faces the challenge of keeping that reader from tripping over the writer’s unfamiliar culture, background, and assumptions.
I browse Italian websites daily; I am an avid reader of Italian books and magazines. I am Constantly updated on Politics, Economy, Finance, Art, Culture and Facts. I return to Italy at least twice each year. Professional observation is one of the goals of these trips: I look for linguistic and cultural changes to my native language. Then I can recognize, catch and absorb them. I put the source-language content in a framework that the target-language reader can understand.

SOME TRANSLATION THEORY
The art of translation is as old as written literature. Etymologically, "translation" is a "carrying across" or "bringing across." The Latin "translatio" derives from translatum, the perfect passive of transferre (to transfer — from "trans," "across" + "ferre," "to carry" or "to bring"). A good translator understands the source language well, has specific experience in the subject matter of the text, and is a good writer in the target language. Moreover, he is not only bilingual but bicultural. translating a text is not to "encode" and "decode" equivalents between the two languages, using a translation dictionary as the "codebook. Translation is an art and a craft subject to linguistic analysis, that benefits from academic study.
Translations from a source language into a target language should be reliable, complete, accurate, and culturally appropriate and adapt.
When the translated text conveys the intended meaning of the original text, the translation is deemed reliable. Translations that do not add any new information to the translated document and do not omit information provided in the source document are said to be complete. An accurate translation is one that is free of spelling and grammatical errors. Cultural appropriateness is achieved when the message conveyed in the translated text is appropriate for the target population. The matter of equivalence and the extent to which there is equivalence to the source language in the translated text is central to the quality and appropriateness of a translation. If the translation lacks equivalence, then the intended meaning of the information in the source language text is not appropriately conveyed in the translation. Cultural Adaptation refers to an acknowledgement that cultures are different and that what may be logical and appropriate in one culture may not be in another. Therefore, cultural adaptation is transmitting the meaning and form of a message not only from one language to another but from one culture to another. This concept, when applied to written material, recognizes that any useful translation must use the normal forms of the target language, communicate the meaning of the original text as precisely as possible, and maintain the dynamics of the original language of the text so that the communicative event evokes the same response that an original text was meant to evoke. In addition to meeting the aforementioned criteria, translated materials should also have semantic, conceptual, and normative equivalence.