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Serbian to English: Protection of creditors Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - Serbian Podležu li privredna društva specifičnim obavezama vezanim za zaštitu poverilaca i ako da, navedite koje su to obaveze?
Zaštita poverilaca se obezbedjuje kroz Zakon o privrednim društvima i Zakon o insolventnosti privrednih društava (Sl. list RCG, br. 06/02, 01/06, 02/07 i Sl. list CG, br. 62/08) . Sva privredna društva odgovaraju za obaveze društva celokupnom svojom imovinom. Celokupnom svojom imovinom odgovaraju preduzetnici, ortaci i komplementari u komanditnom društvu, dok ograničenu odgovornost imaju akcionari, članovi društva sa ograničenom odgovornošću i komanditori i to do visine svojih uloga. Medjutim, njihova odgovornost za obaveze društva postaje jednaka odgovornosti koje ima preduzetnik odnosno ortak (odgovaraju celokupnom svojom imovinom) u slučajevima zloupotrebe svojstva pravnog lica (mešanje imovina, odnosno sredstava vlasnika i društva; lažnu ili prevarnu registraciju; propuštanje vodjenja propisane evidencije; propuštanje produžavanja registracije i dostavljanja podataka Centralnom registru Privrednog suda, kao i na neadekvatnu kapitalizaciju ili osiguranje, koji ne odgovaraju stepenu rizika u vezi sa delatnošću odredjenog društva. U slučaju komanditnog društva, pored slučajeva navedenih u prethodnoj rečenici, težim povredama propisa o ograničenoj odgovornosti smatraće se neposredno učestvovanje komanditora u upravljanju ili rukovodjenju komanditnim društvom, kao i isticanje imena komanditora u nazivu društva). Posebna zaštita poverilaca obezbedjena je i kod restrukturiranja društava (podela, spajanje, promena organizacionog oblika). Članom 22 stav 2 Zakona o privrednim društvima propisano je da se restrukturiranje akcionarskog društva može vršiti samo kad je imovina društva veća od njegovih obaveza. To znači da je obezbedjena zaštita poverilaca, odnosno da bi se poverioci društva mogli usprotiviti odluci o restrukturiranju društva ukoliko učine verovatnim da društvo ne ispunjava ovaj uslov. S tim u vezi u članu 22a, stav 11 Zakona propisano je da svako društvo koje je uključeno u spajanje o tome obaveštava u pisanom obliku svoje poverioce najmanje 30 dana pre dana održavanja skupštine akcionara na kojoj će se razmatrati nacrt ugovora o spajanju. Takodje je stavom 20 istog člana odredjeno da poverioci imaju pravo da u roku od šest mjeseci od dana objavljivanja ugovora o spajanju u Sl. listu CG, traže da sud poništi spajanje ukoliko na njihov zahtev nije obezbedjena odgovarajuća zaštita potraživanja, a spajanjem je bitnije ugroženo namirenje njihovih potraživanja.
Translation - English Are enterprises subject to particular obligations regarding the protection of creditors and if so, what are they?
Protection of creditors is prescribed by the Business Organization Law and the Law on Business Organization Insolvency (Official Journal of the Republic of Montenegro 06/02, 01/06, 02/07 and Official Journal of Montenegro 62/08). All companies are liable for their obligations to the full extent of their property. Entrepreneurs, partners and general partners in a limited partnership are liable to the full extent of their property, while shareholders, members of the limited liability company and limited partners have limited liability, up the level of their contributions. However, their liability for the obligations of the company becomes equal to the liability of an entrepreneur or a partner (to the full extent of their property) in cases when there is an abuse of the capacity of the legal entity (mixing of property, i.e. mixing the assets of the owner and the assets of the company; false or fraudulent registration; the failure to keep records as prescribed; the failure to renew registration and submit the information to the Central Registry of the Commercial Court, as well as in cases of inadequate capitalization or insurance; which do not correspond to the level of risk related to the business activities of a certain company. In case of a limited partnership, in addition to the cases mentioned in the previous sentence, direct participation of limited partners in managing or running of the limited partnership, as well as emphasizing the names of limited partners in the name of the company shall be considered a heavy violation of limited liability regulations). Special creditors’ protection is provided in cases of company restructuring as well (division, merger, and change in the form of organization). Article 22 paragraph 2 of the Business Organization Law prescribes that the restructuring of a joint-stock company can be performed only when the assets of the company exceed its liabilities. It means that the protection of creditors is provided, i.e. that the creditors of a company may oppose the company restructuring decision, if they make probable that the company does not meet this requirement. In relation to the previously said, Article 22a, paragraph 11 of the Law prescribes that every company included in the merger shall inform its creditors of the matter in a written form, at least 30 days prior to holding of the general meeting of shareholders where the draft merger agreement shall be considered. In addition, paragraph 20 of the same Article defines the right of creditors to demand the court to cancel the merger if appropriate protection of claims was not provided upon their request, and the merger seriously endangers the settlement of their claims, in the period not exceeding six months from the day of publishing the merger agreement in the Official Journal of Montenegro.
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Translation education
Graduate diploma - Faculty of Philology / University of Belgrade
Experience
Years of experience: 23. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2014.
Serbian to English (University of Belgrade - Faculty of Philology) English to Serbian (University of Belgrade - Faculty of Philology) Serbian to English (Assoc. of Scient. & Techn. Translators of Serbia) English to Serbian (Assoc. of Scient. & Techn. Translators of Serbia)
Memberships
Association of Scientific & Technical Translators of Serbia, ELTA
Software
Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Photoshop, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, Trados Studio
- Graduated from the Faculty of Philology, University of Belgrade (English Language and Literature BA)
- Obtained a following degree issued by The Association of Scientific and Technical Translators of Serbia: Scientific and Technical Translator/Interpreter for English Language in the following fields: Еconomics, Social Systems, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Court Translation and Interpreting
Excellent command of my mother tongue supported by over 14 years of experience in translating, teaching, interpreting and proofreading
FIELDS OF EXPERTISE:Automotive/Cars & Trucks: diesel engine management, robotized gearboxes, technical maintenance, car engine specifications, technical application bulletin, safety measures, risk assessment, safety and coordination plan, manuals.
Law: all kinds of contracts, articles of association, court decisions, various certificates, authorizations, tender documentation, etc.
EU PROJECTS: logical framework, total budget, sources of funding, task description, the objective and justification of the project, detailed description of the activities, training reports, etc.
Construction/Civil Engineering: technical documentation, bill of quantities, manuals, requests for quote, specifications, project development, construction plan, design & drawings, translations relating to environmental and structural engineering, etc.
Economics: invoices, grant application forms-call for proposals, financial statements, auditor's reports, due diligence, tax documentation, FDD reports, statement of operation, feasibility studies, statistical analyses, balance sheet, business plans, etc.
Medical (general): user manuals for medical devices, user guides for medical software, localization of medical software, medical reports, clinical-trial studies, clinical research documentation, patient information sheet (PIS), informed consent form (ICF), patient diary, case report forms (CRF), package inserts and labels, etc.
Marketing: corporate brochures, newsletters, direct mail campaigns, print and online ads, website content, brochure translation and leaflet translation, label and packaging translations, e-mail marketing campaign, press release translation, public relations material translation, social media translation, etc.
• Member of The Association of Scientific and Technical translators of Serbia
• Member of ELTA (English language teachers association)
• Attended numerous seminars, workshops and conferences relating to teaching, translating and project management
• Translating and interpreting for a multitude of companies, NGOs and translation agencies in Serbia and worldwide
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