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Czech to English: University website article General field: Other Detailed field: Journalism
Source text - Czech Vědci popsali novou antarktickou bakterii
Nový mikroorganismus pojmenovali po zakladateli genetiky Mendelovi.
Mikrobiologové z Přírodovědecké fakulty Masarykovy univerzity (MU) popsali další, dosud neznámý druh bakterie, která se vyskytuje pouze v Antarktidě. Objevili ji ve vzorcích, které už od roku 2007 sbírají na ostrově Jamese Rosse, kde univerzita vybudovala vědeckou stanici J. G. Mendela. Nový půdní mikroorganismus pojmenovali stejně jako stanici po zakladateli genetiky Johannu Gregoru Mendelovi Pseudomonas gregormendelii.
Z antarktických vzorků, které zpracovávají odborníci v laboratořích České sbírky mikroorganismů, bylo doposud izolováno více než 600 kmenů bakterií rodu Pseudomonas. Z dosavadních rozborů je patrné, že mnoho z nich je unikátních a pravděpodobně se jedná o zcela nové druhy. „Popsaná Pseudomonas gregormendelii patří mezi chladnomilné druhy, pohybuje se pomocí bičíků a je podobná bakterii, kterou jsme popsali před třemi lety – Pseudomonas prosekii,“ uvedl Marcel Kosina, který se na popisu obou bakterií ještě jako doktorand MU podílel.
Pseudomonas gregormendelii pochází z mnoha vzorků z různých míst v okolí stanice a byla izolována během expedic hned několikrát. „Jedná se tedy o jednoho z typických bakteriálních zástupců této lokality,“ doplnil Kosina. O objevu bakterie bude informovat prestižní odborný časopis Current Microbiology.
Vědci, kteří využívají antarktickou základnu, nestudují jen bakterie. „Jedním ze směrů našeho výzkumu jsou fyziologické mechanismy odolnosti antarktických lišejníků vůči zvýšeným dávkám ultrafialového záření, kterým jsou tyto organismy vystaveny v období takzvané ozónové anomálie. Zjistili jsme, že různé druhy jsou velmi odolné i vůči silnému záření,“ přiblížil další výsledky výzkumů profesor Miloš Barták, který působí na Ústavu experimentální biologie Přírodovědecké fakulty MU.
Odborníci vystavili pět druhů lišejníků zhruba třikrát vyššímu UV záření, než jaké dopadá na Zemi při ozonové anomálii. Přesto u nich pozorovali jen malé snížení rychlosti fotosyntézy. „Za tuto vlastnost jsou zodpovědné různé absorbující látky přítomné ve stélce lišejníků, které výrazně snižují možnost poškození jejich fotosyntetizujících složek. Mezi sledovanými druhy jsme však zjistili velké rozdíly ve schopnosti tyto látky vytvářet a udržet ve funkčním stavu při velmi silném či dlouhotrvajícím vystavení UV-B záření,“ uvedl Barták s tím, že vlastnosti těchto látek a jejich možné využití dál zkoumají.
Translation - English Scientists describe a new Antarctic bacterium
They have named the new microorganism after Mendel, the father of genetics.
Microbiologists from the Faculty of Science at Masaryk University (MU) have described another hitherto unknown species of bacterium that is endemic to Antarctica. They discovered the bacterium in samples, which they have collected since 2007 on James Ross Island, the location of the university’s J. G. Mendel research station. Just like the station, the new soil microorganism has been named Pseudomonas gregormendelii after Johann Gregor Mendel, the father of genetics.
So far, the Antarctic samples, which are being examined by experts at the laboratories of the Czech Collection of Microorganisms, have yielded more than 600 strains of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas. The investigation carried out so far shows that many of them are unique and it is likely that they are entirely new species. “The recently described Pseudomonas gregormendelii is psychrophilic (‘cold-loving’); the bacteria propel themselves along using their flagella and the species is similar to another bacterium named Pseudomonas prosekii that we described three years ago,” says Marcel Kosina, who helped to describe both bacteria as a PhD student at MU.
Pseudomonas gregormendelii is drawn from many samples taken in different locations around the station and has been isolated several times during expeditions to Antarctica. As Kosina adds, “It is one of the bacteria typical of this area.” The paper describing the discovery of the new bacterium will be published in Current Microbiology, a prestigious academic journal.
The researchers who use the Antarctic station do not focus solely on bacteria. Professor Miloš Barták, who works at the Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science at Masaryk University, describes other findings of their ongoing research: “We also study physiological mechanisms that help Antarctic lichens resist increased doses of ultraviolet radiation they face during periods of so-called ozone anomaly. We have found that various species are very resistant to even strong radiation.”
Experts subjected five species of lichen to amounts of UV radiation that were approximately three times higher than the radiation that reaches the Earth during a period of ozone anomaly. Despite this, they observed only a minor decrease in the speed of photosynthesis. “This is due to various absorbing substances present in the lichens’ thalli that significantly decrease the likelihood of damage to their photosynthetic components. However, we registered large differences among the ability of the observed species to continue creating these substances and keep them functional in case of very strong or long-term exposure to UVB radiation,” says Barták, adding that they are continuing to explore the characteristics of these substances and how they could be used.
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Master's degree - Masaryk University
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Years of experience: 15. Registered at ProZ.com: Sep 2012.
I am a freelance translator with 7+ years of full-time experience specialising in the following areas: corporate communications - ranging from web articles to company magazines to press releases, legal (agreements, terms and conditions, corporate policies), IT (software localization and customer support). I also have a pet specialization in nursing (care instructions, academic papers) and I have translated four non-fiction books and a number of academic papers. I mostly work for clients in the IT/electronics industry, but I also enjoy working for clients in the education sector and for small businesses.
I have a master's degree in translation and continuously expand my knowledge and skills by attending events and courses for translators. When translating, I always seek to create a fluent, terminologically accurate text that reads well in the target language. My clients appreciate the attention I pay to every detail, as it saves them time and money.
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