Translation glossary: Botany

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American Ivy

Parra virgen / Ampelopsis

English to Spanish

azufaifa

jujube / chinese date / tsao

Spanish to English

esparto

esparto / Spanish grass /sparto grass / alfa

Spanish to English

ESPARTO, or SPANISH GRASS, Stipa tenacissima, a grass resembling the ornamental feather-grass of gardens. It is indigenous to the south of Spain and the north of Africa (where it is known as Haifa or Alfa), and is especially abundant in the ‘sterile and rugged parts of Murcia and Valencia, and in Algerin, flourishing best in sandy, ferruginous soils, in dry, sunny situations on the sea coast. Pliny (N.H. XJX. 2) described what appears to have been the same plant under the name of spartum, whence the designation campus spartarius for the region surrounding New Carthage. It attains a height of 3 or 4 ft. The stems are cylindrical, and clothed with short hair, and grow in riusters of from 2 to 10 ft. in circumference; when young they serve as food for cattle, but after a few years’ growth acquire great toughness of texture. The leaves vary from 6 in. to 3 ft. in length, and are grey-green in colour; on account of their tenacity of fibre and flexibility they have for centuries been employed for the making of ropes, sandals, baskets, mats and other articles. Ships’ cables of esparto, being light, have the quality of floating on water, and have long been in use in the Spanish navy.

Esparto leaves contain 56% by weight of fibre, or about 10% more than straw, and hence have come into requisition as

a substitute for linen rags in the manufacture of paper. For this purpose they were first utilized by the French, and in 1857 were introduced into Great Britain. When required for papermaking the leaves should be gathered before they are quite matured; if, however, they are obtained too young, they furnish a paper having an objectionable semi-transparent appearance. The leaves are gathered by hand, and from 2 to 3 cwt. may be collected in a day by a single labourer. They are generally obtained during the dry summer months, as at other times their adherence to the stems is so firm as often to cause the uprooting of the plants in the attempt to remove them. Esparto may be raised from seed, but cannot be harvested for twelve or fifteen years after sowing.

Another grass, Lygeum Spartum, with stiff rush-like leaves, growing in rocky soil on the high plains of countries bordering on the Mediterranean, especially of Spain and Algeria, is also a source of esparto.

Pino melis

Scots pine / Yello pine

Spanish to English

http://www.fut.es/~ralturo/coscoja/arbol/pinaceae/Psylv.htm

"Etimología
Pinus sylvestris L. (sin.) Pinus rubra Mill, P.borealis Salisb. El nombre deriva del celta "Pen" (cabeza) y del latín "silva" (selva, bosque). En diferentes lenguas encontramos denominaciones muy diversas como:

Castellano: Pino silvestre, pino albar, pino blanquillo (Guadarrama), pino royal (Guadarrama), pino serrano (Gredos). 
Catalán: Pi roig, rajolet, pi femella (-pino hembra- por oposición a Pinus uncinata llamado pino macho y con el que tiene tendencia a hibridarse). 
Euskera: Ler
Francés: Pin commun, pin sylvestre, pin blan, pin rouge, pin sauvage. 
Inglés: Scotch pine, Scotish pine, Wild pine. 
Alemán: Föhre, Weiss Föhre, Gemeine Kiefer, Wald Kiefer.

Otras denominaciones: Comercialmente se conoce como pino de Valsaín, de Escocia, de Riga, del Báltico... en función de su procedencia. También se le conoce como PINO MELIS en las calidades para entarimados finos."

http://www.british-trees.com/guide/scotspine.htm

Pinus sylvestris - Scots Pine, Scots Fir. Irish Giuis

Note added at 2003-01-14 13:14:37 (GMT)

Otra denominación, posiblemente utilizada en EEUU (Scots pine se utiliza en Reino Unido):

"(Southern) yellow pine"

http://www.molcasa.com/molcasa/mad/mad101.htm

Note added at 2003-01-14 13:18:29 (GMT)

Referencias:
    http://www.fut.es/~ralturo/coscoja/arbol/pinaceae/Psylv.htm
    http://www.british-trees.com/guide/scotspine.htm

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