GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||||
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20:41 Feb 17, 2019 |
Polish to English translations [PRO] Law/Patents - Law (general) | |||||
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| Selected response from: Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. United States Local time: 23:03 | ||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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3 | inter-self-governmental |
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2 | inter-authority / intergovernmental at the local level |
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inter-self-governmental Explanation: COMMUNAL UNION – one of the forms of inter-self-governmental cooperation, legally defined legal form that means a voluntary structure of cooperation among units of local government – municipalities or counties that jointly execute public tasks. It is task-oriented, as it enables explicit delegation of public tasks to communal union – an entity singled out organisationally, legally and financially, whose main goal is to implement these tasks. It is a form of continuous cooperation among local governments – c.u. are established by the local government units themselves as a consequence of resolutions of their constituting bodies. C.u. have legal personality and their own organisational structure with competences and mutual relations are stated in the statute of the c.u. They can also have competences to decide in administrative matters. Due to this fact they are subject to supervision by the government administration bodies. They can be a union of units of the same category (e.g., among municipalities) or mixed (a union of municipalities and counties). C.u. can be single- or multi-industry. Using the typology of R. Herzog, one can compare c.u. in some aspects to integrated territorial corporation, since it is an organisationally separated (from among the units of local government that established it) entity that has legal personality and implements local governmental tasks [ M. Jęczarek ]. Literature: Z. Leoński, Ustrój i zadania samorządu terytorialnego, [w:] Samorząd w Polsce: istota, formy, zadania, red. S. Wykrętowski, Poznań 2008 ■ A. Porawski, Współpraca JST w Polsce: stan i potrzeby, Poznań 2013 ■ P. Swianiewicz i in., Współpraca międzygminna w Polsce: związek z rozsądku, Warszawa 2016. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 40 mins (2019-02-17 21:22:35 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- ZWIĄZEK KOMUNALNY – jedna z form współpracy międzysamorządowej, ustawowo określona forma prawna, oznaczająca dobrowolną strukturę współdziałania między lokalnymi jednostkami samorządu terytorialnego – gminami lub powiatami, które wspólnie wykonują zadania publiczne. Ma charakter zadaniowy, ponieważ umożliwia wyraźne przekazanie realizacji zadań publicznych zw.k. – wyodrębnionemu pod względem organizacyjnym, prawnym i finansowym podmiotowi, którego głównym celem ma być realizowanie tychże zadań. Stanowi formę stałej współpracy międzysamorządowej – zw.k. tworzone są przez same jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w wyniku uchwał ich organów stanowiących. Zw.k. mają osobowość prawną oraz własną strukturę organizacyjną, której kompetencje oraz wzajemne relacje określone są w statucie zw.k., a także mogą mieć kompetencje do podejmowania decyzji administracyjnych. Z tego powodu podlegają nadzorowi ze strony organów administracji rządowej. Mogą stanowić związek jednostek tej samej kategorii (np. międzygminny) albo mieszanych (związek gmin i powiatów). Zw.k. mogą być jedno- bądź wielobranżowe. Korzystając z typologii R. Herzoga można w pewnych aspektach porównać zw.k. do modelu zintegrowanej kooperacji terytorialnej, ponieważ jest organizacyjnie wyodrębnionym (z tworzących go jednostek samorządu terytorialnego) podmiotem mającym osobowość prawną, realizującym zadania samorządowe [ M. Jęczarek ]. http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Związek_komunalny Reference: http://encyklopediaap.uw.edu.pl/index.php/Zwi%C4%85zek_komun... |
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inter-authority / intergovernmental at the local level Explanation: ABSTRACT This is a study of the relationships between the local authority and 18 other public authorities providing services in the London Borough of Camden. It is based on qualitative data collected by interviewing 70 individuals who were either senior managers or members of the authorities studied. The fieldwork was carried out between 1985 and 1987. The study identifies the lack of a well-defined body of literature or theory of horizontal inter-governmental relations at the local level. The research design draws upon previous studies in the fields of operational research, local government studies, policy studies, political theory, organisational studies and inter-governmental relations. The study demonstrates that the provision of public services in Camden was highly functionally fragmented. There were high levels of interdependence among the authorities studied explained by the socioeconomic environment of the area and the distribution of powers within the local government system. Interdependence was complex and multi-dimensional. The extent of linkages among public authorities was not great. Ad hoc and informal linkages played an important role. The patchiness of linkages could be explained by organisational and political factors. The local authority did not play a central coordinating role in the network. Authorities pursued a hierarchy of overlapping goals. Inter-authority activity was sustained by a process of mutual goal fulfillment. Relationships between public authorities were seen to be highly desirable but very difficult to undertake. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1309/1/U062744.pdf Intergovernmental Relationships: How The Three Levels of Government Work Together https://online.norwich.edu/academic-programs/masters/public-... |
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