plusieurs onduleurs en communication
English translation: several intercommunicating inverters
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| 09:42 Apr 30, 2014 |
| French to English translations [PRO] Tech/Engineering - Electronics / Elect Eng / photovoltaic power generation | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Tony M France Local time: 11:09 | ||||||
Grading comment
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| 4 +1 | several intercommunicating inverters |
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| 4 -1 | multiple interconnected inverters |
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| Discussion entries: 8 | |
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Answers
1 hr confidence: 
peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1several intercommunicating inverters Explanation: Personally, I'd prefer to express it that way — but yes, that's the right idea! As another issue of personal preference, I tend to avoid using the passive construction '...can be used' — if nothing else, on the grounds that inanimate objects are not 'able' to do anything ;-) So to me this is almost as bad as saying "several ... are able to be used". In this particular instance, there is no real reason not to say "It is possible to use...". |
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Notes to answerer
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6 hrs confidence: peer agreement (net): -1
peer agreement (net): -1multiple interconnected inverters Explanation: « Pour écourter le temps de travail en faible charge d’un seul onduleur, il est possible d’utiliser plusieurs onduleurs en communication. » Would be translated by Google translator: “To shorten the working time low load a single inverter, it is possible to use multiple inverters in communication” This can be improved as followings: “To shorten the low-load duty time (period of operation) of one single inverter, it is possible to use multiple communicating inverters (or interconnected inverters) Whatever the communication will effect. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 day7 hrs (2014-05-01 17:00:16 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Comparison of interconnected micro-inverters with string inverters in regard to communication and maximum power point tracking: A solar micro-inverter, or simply microinverter, converts direct current (DC) electricity from a single solar panel to alternating current (AC). The output from several microinverters is combined and often fed to the electrical grid. Microinverters contrast with conventional string or central inverter devices, which are connected to multiple solar panels. Microinverters have several advantages over conventional central inverters. The main advantage is that small amounts of shading, debris or snow lines on any one solar panel, or even a complete panel failure, do not disproportionately reduce the output of the entire array. Each microinverter harvests optimum power by performing maximum power point tracking for its connected panel.[1] They are also simple to design and stock, as there is normally only a single model of inverter that can be used with any size array and a wide variety of panels. A type of technology similar to a microinverter is a power optimizer which also does panel-level maximum power point tracking, but does not convert to AC per module. : The main problem with the "string inverter" approach is the string of panels acts as if it were a single larger panel with a max current rating equivalent to the poorest performer in the string. For example, if one panel in a string has 5% higher resistance due to a minor manufacturing defect, the entire string suffers a 5% performance loss. This situation is dynamic. If a panel is shaded its output drops dramatically, affecting the output of the string, even if the other panels are not shaded. Even slight changes in orientation can cause output loss in this fashion. In the industry, this is known as the "Christmas-lights effect", referring to the way an entirely string of series-strung Christmas tree lights will fail if a single bulb fails.[5] Additionally, the efficiency of a panel's output is strongly affected by the load the inverter places on it. To maximize production, inverters use a technique called maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to ensure optimal energy harvest by adjusting the applied load. However, the same issues that cause output to vary from panel to panel, affect the proper load that the MPPT system should apply. If a single panel operates at a different point, a string inverter can only see the overall change, and moves the MPPT point to match. This results in not just losses from the shadowed panel, but the other panels too. Shading of as little as 9% of the surface of an array can, in some circumstances, reduce system-wide power as much as 54% : Microinverters are small inverters rated to handle the output of a single panel. Modern grid-tie panels are normally rated between 220 and 245W, but rarely produce this in practice, so microinverters are typically rated between 190 and 220 W. Because it is operated at this lower power point, many design issues inherent to larger designs simply go away; the need for a large transformer is generally eliminated, large electrolytic capacitors can be replaced by more reliable thin-film capacitors, and cooling loads are reduced so no fans are needed. Mean time between failures (MTBF) are quoted in hundreds of years More importantly, a microinverter attached to a single panel allows it to isolate and tune the output of that panel. A dual microinverter does this for two panels. For example, in the same 10-panel array used as an example above, with microinverters any panel that is under-performing has no effect on panels around it. In that case, the array as a whole produces as much as 5% more power than it would with a string inverter. When shadowing is factored in, if present, these gains can become considerable, with manufacturers generally claiming 5% better output at a minimum, and up to 25% better in some cases. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_micro-inverter (no French page linked) Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique that grid connected inverters, solar battery chargers and similar devices use to get the maximum possible power from one or more photovoltaic devices, typically solar panels,[1] though optical power transmission systems can benefit from similar technology.[2] Solar cells have a complex relationship between solar irradiation, temperature and total resistance that produces a non-linear output efficiency which can be analyzed based on the I-V curve. It is the purpose of the MPPT system to sample the output of the cells and apply the proper resistance (load) to obtain maximum power for any given environmental conditions. : A load with resistance R=V/I equal to the reciprocal of this value draws the maximum power from the device. This is sometimes called the characteristic resistance of the cell. This is a dynamic quantity which changes depending on the level of illumination, as well as other factors such as temperature and the age of the cell. If the resistance is lower or higher than this value, the power drawn will be less than the maximum available, and thus the cell will not be used as efficiently as it could be. Maximum power point trackers utilize different types of control circuit or logic to search for this point and thus to allow the converter circuit to extract the maximum power available from a cell. : Traditional solar inverters perform MPPT for an entire array as a whole. In such systems the same current, dictated by the inverter, flows through all panels in the string. Because different panels have different IV curves and different MPPs (due to manufacturing tolerance, partial shading,[17] etc.) this architecture means some panels will be performing below their MPP, resulting in the loss of energy.[1] Some companies (see power optimizer) are now placing peak power point converters into individual panels, allowing each to operate at peak efficiency despite uneven shading, soiling or electrical mismatch. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracker Un Maximum Power Point Tracking (abrégé MPPT, litt. dispositif de poursuite du point de puissance maximale), régulateur MPP ou un tracker MPP est un principe permettant de suivre, comme son nom l'indique, le point de puissance maximale d'un générateur électrique non linéaire. Les systèmes MPPT sont généralement associés avec les générateurs photovoltaïques ou encore avec les générateurs éoliens. : Un générateur photovoltaïque est un générateur dont la caractéristique I = f(U) est fortement non linéaire. En conséquence, pour un même éclairement, la puissance délivrée sera différente selon la charge. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracker 4.1 Sunny Boy The Sunny Boy is a micro inverter for PV systems that converts the direct current from a PV module into grid-compliant alternating current. The alternating current generated is fed into the utility grid via the Sunny Multigate. : 4.2 Sunny Multigate The Sunny Multigate isa communication unit and forms the electrical connection point of the PV system with a maximum of twelve micro inverters to the utility grid. The Sunny Multigate is equipped with an integrated disconnection point for grid monitoring. TheSunny Multigate is connected between the micro inverters and the utility grid to feed the alternating current of the micro inverters collectively into the utility grid. : 4.4 Communication Communication between Inverter and Sunny MultigateThe inverter is connected to the Sunny Multigate via the AC cable. The communication and data transmission between the Sunny Multigate and the inverters takes place via a Powerline interface. http://files.sma.de/dl/18925/SMG-SB240-IA-en-11W.pdf Note: Anywhere on the SMA site I found the designation “Powerline” for the cable connecting all micro inverters in daisy-chain-like mode. I serve for power supply and for communication. Unfortunately I did not yet find a detailed description which specifies the load-bearing of the individual inverters. Another solar inverter type (as mentioned above) is the string inverter, described below. These inverter types can also communicate with other inverters and computers, but on separate communication paths: 6.6.1 Bluetooth Communication via Bluetoothwith a communication product is activated by default. Networking with other inverters via Bluetoothis deactivated by default. The following setting options are possible via a rotary switch: Switch position (NetID) Setting 0 Off 1 Communication via Bluetooth with communication product possible, no networking with other inverters (default setting) 2 to F Networking with other inverters If you do not communicate using Bluetooth, deactivate the Bluetooth communication on your inverter. This will protect your PV plant from unauthorised access. In order to restrict communication via Bluetooth between the inverters of your system and those of neighbouring systems, you can assign an individual NetID to the inverters of your system (switch position 2 to F). However, this is only necessary if neighbouring systems are situated within a radius of 500 m. All inverters in your system must have the same NetID in order to be detected by your communication product. : 6.6.3 Communication Interface The inverter can be fitted with an extra communication interface (e.g. RS485). This communication interface will enable the inverter to communicate with special SMA communication products or other inverters (for information on supported products, see www.SMA.de/en). The interface can either be retrofitted, installed at the factory according to a specific order, or included in the regular scope of delivery http://files.sma.de/dl/16132/STP15-20TLEE-IA-en-23.pdf Les diagrammes d’efficacités sont donnés sous http://kaco-newenergy.com/fileadmin/data/downloads/products/... Note: As factory inspector, I had to check the product from both companies for conformity. Lire toutes les phrases dans le contexte : Il Onduleur modulaire : un onduleur par panneau : Branchement d’onduleur En charge partielle faible, c'est-à-dire lorsque le flux lumineux est faible, le rendement des onduleurs est plus bas. Pour écourter le temps de travail en faible charge d’un seul onduleur, il est possible d’utiliser plusieurs onduleurs en communication. Le principe est simple : Si l’éclairement est important, plusieurs onduleurs travaillent ensemble à pleine charge si par contre, l’éclairement est faible, un seul onduleur fait le travail ! Deux cas de figure sont possibles : Suivant que les onduleurs s’allument et s’éteignent selon les besoins : principe maître esclave. Le raccordement est identique à la configuration centralisée. Suivant que les strings soient répartis ou non sur différents onduleurs : principe team. Cette configuration est un prolongement de la configuration onduleur string. http://www.energieplus-lesite.be/index.php?id=16683 Nota : Selon le principe les onduleurs doit communiquer entre elles, pour déterminer la configuration la plus efficace afin d’exploiter les minimum des unités, mais sous pleine charge dans toutes les circonstances de météo, etc. Il manque donc un détail essentiel dans la description ci-dessus : Les onduleurs modulaires ne sont rien des « micro-inverters » cascadés (connectés en série) e qui ne possèdent d’autre moyen pour communiquer que les câbles d’alimentation. Par conscequent, la terminologie « multiple interconnected inverters » est au moins équivalent à « several intercommunicating inverters », mais comporte l’avantage d’être la terminologie à mesure utilisé pour ces types de matériel. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 day7 hrs (2014-05-01 17:19:16 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Note to Google Translate: I know it do not provide "native" translations (and I do not translate this way), but can be used to got a quick outline of a subject. I used it this time to show, what a literal translation would be. In fact, the result was strange. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 day7 hrs (2014-05-01 17:21:15 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Sorry for typing errors (I am tired after the search for references), please read: "I know it does not provide ..." -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 2 days5 hrs (2014-05-02 14:57:56 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Une question reste à deviner. Qu’est ce que c’est une « powerline » ? Power-line communication (PLC) carries data on a conductor that is also used simultaneously for AC electric power transmission or electric power distribution to consumers. It is also known as power-line carrier, power-line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power-line telecommunications, or power-line networking (PLN). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-line_communication La communication par courants porteurs en ligne (abréviation : CPL) permet de construire un réseau informatique sur le réseau électrique d'une habitation ou d'un bureau, voire d'un quartier ou groupe de bureaux. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courants_porteurs_en_ligne |
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