by design or by consequence

English translation: intended or a result

16:49 Jan 22, 2006

English language (monolingual) [PRO]
Social Sciences - Law: Contract(s)

English term or phrase: by design or by consequence

Much of the legislation is directed at expanding the resources available to law enforcement officials to investigate and prevent terrorism and has no direct effect on institutions of higher education. Other parts, however, create new obligations that, either by design or by consequence£¿, universities must meet.

Jianming Sun KudoZ activity Questions: 2132 (none open) (13 closed without grading) Answers: 1174
Local time: 12:13

Selected answer:intended or a result

Explanation:
The universities must meet new obligations - either because this was the intention or simply a result of the parts of the legislation. By design means specifically intended to achieve a purpose. By consequence means there was no specific intention for the legislation to create obligations but it happened as the indirect result.

Selected response from:

Kim Metzger
Mexico
Local time: 22:13

Grading comment

Thank you all for kind help!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer

SUMMARY OF ALL EXPLANATIONS PROVIDED

3 +6

intended or a result

Kim Metzger

4 +4

on purpose or simply an end result of

RHELLER

4 +1

expressly required by the legislation or as an indirect result of the legislation

Jana Cole (X)

by planning or luck

Mike Delta

comment

Ken Cox

Answers

3 mins confidence:

peer agreement (net): +4

on purpose or simply an end result of

Explanation:
some things happen on purpose (designed that way) and some things happen by accident/not necessarily intended

RHELLER
United States
Local time: 22:13
Native speaker of:

English
PRO pts in category: 20

6 mins confidence:

peer agreement (net): +6

intended or a result

Kim Metzger
Mexico
Local time: 22:13
Specializes in field
Native speaker of:

English
PRO pts in category: 72

Grading comment

Thank you all for kind help!

28 mins confidence:

peer agreement (net): +1

expressly required by the legislation or as an indirect result of the legislation

Explanation:
Adapt the wording to your translation.

Jana Cole (X)
Local time: 21:13
Native speaker of:

English

28 mins confidence:

by planning or luck

Explanation:
design - plan or sketch that shows how the thing on the plan will look, if someone makes it.

Consequence - the result or effect of doing something.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 43 mins (2006-01-22 17:32:26 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

In this particular instance I think that consequence means bad luck as a result of not doing something.
Something that the Law says they must do.

Either the educators obey the legislation (new laws) or they will get into trouble.

Mike Delta
Local time: 05:13

1 hr confidence:

comment

Explanation:
All the suggested answers assume the phrase refers to the obligations (as having arisen 'by design or by consequence'). However, according to the strict grammatical logic of the text it refers to the universities and means they have to meet the obligations either by measures or actions specifically taken to meet those obligations or by means of measures or actions that are not specificically taken or intended to meet those obligations, but which have the end effect of meeting the obligations.
As the text comes from Harvard University, it's presumably possible that the text was intentionally worded to to convey the latter meaning.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 1 hr (2006-01-22 18:01:09 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Hmmm, on second thought I'm not certain it refers to the universities. IMO the wording is ambiguous and could be interpreted either way.

Ken Cox
Local time: 06:13
Native speaker of:

English
PRO pts in category: 12

Login or register (free and only takes a few minutes) to participate in this question.

You will also have access to many other tools and opportunities designed for those who have language-related jobs (or are passionate about them). Participation is free and the site has a strict confidentiality policy.

Return to KudoZ list

KudoZ™ translation help

The KudoZ network provides a framework for translators and others to assist each other with translations or explanations of terms and short phrases.

See also:

ProZ.com term search

Search millions of term translations

by design or by consequence

English translation: intended or a result

Answers

KudoZ™ translation help

Your current localization setting

Select a language

by design or by consequence

English translation: intended or a result

Answers

KudoZ™ translation help

You have native languages that can be verified

Your current localization setting

Select a language