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19:43 Apr 24, 2019 |
English to Polish translations [PRO] Environment & Ecology / general | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Jacek Kloskowski United States Local time: 18:02 | ||||||
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Summary of answers provided | ||||
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3 +1 | jakościowe / kategoryczne parametry użytkowe |
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jakościowe / kategoryczne parametry użytkowe Explanation: HOW TO DISTINGUISH QUANTITATIVE AND CATEGORICAL VARIABLES When working with statistics, it’s important to understand some of the terminology used, including quantitative and categorical variables and how they differ. The trick is to get a handle on the lingo right from the get-go, so when it comes time to work the problems, you’ll pick up on cues from the wording and get going in the right direction. QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES Quantitative variables are measured and expressed numerically, have numeric meaning, and can be used in calculations. (That’s why another name for them is numerical variables.) Although zip codes are written in numbers, the numbers are simply convenient labels and don’t have numeric meaning (for example, you wouldn’t add together two zip codes). CATEGORICAL VARIABLES A categorical variable doesn’t have numerical or quantitative meaning but simply describes a quality or characteristic of something. The numbers used in categorical or qualitative data designate a quality rather than a measurement or quantity. For example, you can assign the number 1 to a person who’s married and the number 2 to a person who isn’t married. The numbers themselves don’t have meaning — that is, you wouldn’t add the numbers together. SAMPLE QUESTIONS Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable (also known as a numerical variable)? (A) the color of an automobile (B) a person’s state of residence (C) a person’s zip code (D) a person’s height, recorded in inches (E) Choices (C) and (D) Answer: D. a person’s height, recorded in inches Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable (also known as a qualitative variable)? (A) years of schooling completed (B) college major (C) high-school graduate or not (D) annual income (in dollars) (E) Choices (B) and (C) Answer: E. Choices (B) and (C) (college major; high-school graduate or not) College major (such as English or mathematics) and high-school graduate (yes or no) both describe non-numerical qualities. Dane ilościowe i kategoryczne Typ danych określa operacje, które możesz wykonać na tych danych. Zgodnie z podstawowym podziałem danych wyróżnia się dane jakościowe (kategoryczne) oraz dane ilościowe (numeryczne). Przykładami danych kategorycznych mogą być numery ID, płeć oraz odpowiedzi udzielane w ankietach, takie jak Tak lub Nie. Przykłady danych ilościowych to waga podana w kilogramach, czas wyrażony w sekundach lub liczba respondentów ankiety. Dane ilościowe mogą być ciągłe lub dyskretne. Dane dyskretne zawierają skończone wartości, które da się policzyć, takie jak liczba pracowników w oddziale. Dane ciągłe stanowią continuum o nieskończonej liczbie możliwych obserwacji (np. wysokość, waga lub czas). Nie wszystkie liczby to dane ilościowe. Na przykład numery telefonów, numery ID oraz numery kont to dane numeryczne, ale średnia z numerów telefonów lub mediana z numerów ID nie miałyby sensu. https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/pl/SSEP7J_10.1.1... |
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