hard water

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12:36 Feb 4, 2009

English to Malay translations [PRO]
Science - Chemistry; Chem Sci/Eng
Additional field(s): Environment & Ecology

English term or phrase: hard water

Definition from antoine.frostburg.edu:
Hard water is water contaminated with compounds of calcium and magnesium. Dissolved iron, manganese, and strontium compounds can also contribute to the "total hardness" of the water, which is usually expressed as ppm CaCO3. Water with a hardness over 80 ppm CaCO3 is often treated with water softeners, since hard water produces scale in hot water pipes and boilers and lowers the effectiveness of detergents.

Example sentence(s):

Some laundry detergents do not produce as many suds in hard water, these are likely to be soap-based products and do not work as well in hard-water as detergent based products. water-treatment.org.uk
Hard water also contributes to inefficient and costly operation of water-using appliances. Heated hard water forms a scale of calcium and magnesium minerals that can contribute to the inefficient operation or failure of water-using appliances. Wilkes University
Clothes washed in hard water often look dingy and feel harsh and scratchy. sciLinks

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Summary of translations provided

5 +1

air liat

Ramona Ali

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9 days confidence:

peer agreement (net): +1

air liat

Definition from Karyanet:
Air yang mengandungi sebatian garam kalsium, magnesium,atau ferum, tidak mudah membentuk buih apabila ditindakkan dengan sabun.

Example sentence(s):

Air liat yang terdapat di kawasan batu kapur mengandungi banyak garam kalsium yang terlarut. - Portal Pendidikan Utusan

Explanation:
Istilah lama: air sadah

Ramona Ali
Local time: 14:02
Native speaker of:

Malay
PRO pts in category: 16

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