11:07 Aug 30, 2019 |
French to English translations [PRO] Law/Patents - Law (general) / Criminal law - Indictment | |||||||
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| Selected response from: Eliza Hall United States Local time: 10:15 | ||||||
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Discussion entries: 6 | |
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en coactivité avec as (BrE: choate) joint principals > (inchoate) co-conspirators > with Explanation: (AmE/ query) as criminal confederates with vs. in confederation with. as accomplices with > in ENG law, a lesser offenc/se as 'aiders and abettors'. FHS Bridge FRE/ENG glossary: coactivité = participation in an offence (as a principal). In ENG law, a get-away driver to an armed robbery is routinely convicted and sentenced as a joint principal and 'qua accomplice' neither as an accessory before or after the fact, nor as an aider and abettor. Conspiracy is classifiable as an 'inchoate' so uncompleted offenc/se. Example sentence(s):
Reference: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/confederate Reference: http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/secondary-liability-cha... |
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in conspiracy with Explanation: In criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime at some time in the future.[1] Criminal law in some countries or for some conspiracies may require that at least one overt act be undertaken in furtherance of that agreement, to constitute an offense. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal) |
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[committed X crime] together with Y and with others... Explanation: The FR term means that the parties involved committed the crime together. They both committed the crime(s), and they did so together. It's not the same thing as planning/colluding/conspiring to commit a crime, and certainly not the same thing as X person aiding/abetting, inciting or helping Y person to commit a crime. From a French law outline explaining the difference between complicity/collusion and coaction: "Distinction avec la complicité : - Dans la complicité, le complice participe à l’infraction commise par l’auteur - dans la coaction le coauteur commet l’infraction avec l’auteur." http://www.cours-de-droit.net/la-co-action-le-co-auteur-d-un... So collusion is actually not strong enough, because it's just agreeing to help or helping someone commit a crime. Conspiracy has the same problem of relating more to the planning than to the commission, and it also has a specific legal meaning in EN that doesn't fit the FR (conspiring = planning and taking at least one step towards carrying out that plan). Aiding and abetting, etc., also aren't strong enough. By way of further explanation re conspiracy: Criminal conspiracy is a separate crime from actually committing the crime that you were planning together. If you conspired but did not reach the point of actually committing the crime, you could be charged with conspiracy. If you did end up actually committing the crime, you could be charged with both the crime itself, and with criminal conspiracy (two different felony counts). |
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