Trip

09:31 May 19, 2019 

it could be the alarm system - the hardware or the activation of the alarm system - the event.

but the two extracts given are about the event of activating the "trip system"

... when it stops an ongoing process
... a trip has occurred

OTOH "interlock" could only be the hardware ...

Having few full sentences where "Alarms, trips and interlock" occur would probably be a good idea.

05:10 May 19, 2019 

What is "odd" about it here is that this text refers, not to 'the action of some safety device being tripped', but rather, to 'a safety device that can be tripped' — the emphasis is on the device, rather the action; in concrete terms, we are not talking about "tripping of the device will occur if the water level is too low", but rater "next, screw the tripping device onto the mounting bracket" — do you see the dstinction I am seeking to highlight? Of course, in this aprticualr instance, we are not talking about a physical device, but (apparently) some kind of software threshold setting, etc. etc.
'Déclenchement' really more closely translates 'tripping' — which sense could be viable in the instance "When a trip has occurred...", which does indeed refer to an event, and could legitimately be re-written as "When tripping has occurred..."

03:23 May 19, 2019 

it's simply an abbreviated form for "déclenchement d'un dispositif de sécurité"