Spannungsfestigkeit

English translation: withstand voltage / voltage withstand [kV]

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
German term or phrase:Spannungsfestigkeit
English translation:withstand voltage / voltage withstand [kV]
Entered by: Barbara L Pavlik

10:47 Dec 7, 2018
German to English translations [PRO]
Tech/Engineering - Electronics / Elect Eng / Printed circuit boards
German term or phrase: Spannungsfestigkeit
I have a German term (Spannungsfestigkeit) which can be variously translated as "dielectric strength," "electric strength" and "withstand voltage." My question is whether all these terms are synonymous. When I research online, the units give for dielectric strength are volts per meter, and when I google "withstand voltage" I get a lot of results for dielectric strength, but the units are given as kV. For electric strength, which seems to be used rarely, the units are V/m. The units given for Spannungsfestigkeit in my document are kV, so based on the units alone, I am inclined to go with "withstand voltage," but I'm wondering if anyone who knows more about electrical engineering can confirm whether this would be correct. THere's not much context, as it's a PowerPoint presentation, but here is how it sits:

"Integrierte Hochstromprofile sorgen für rasche Wärmeableitung und Spreizung von Hotspots. Microvias ermöglichen Standard-LötprozesseOptional integrierte Spannungsfestigkeit bis >4kV."

Thanks in advance for any insights.
Barbara L Pavlik
United States
Local time: 08:05
voltage withstand [kV]
Explanation:
Die Annahme ist richtig. Es geht nur um die Durchschlagsspannung. Wurde von IEC mit "withstand voltage" genormt, fälschlicherweise in vielen Quellen aber mit "dielectric strength" bezeichnet, das sich auf die Durchbruchsfeldstärke bezieht. Diese Verwechselung stammt offensichtlich aus den USA, wo dies in UL-Normen verwendet wird (weiß ich aus eigener Erfahrung, weil ich Geräte u.a. nach UL-Normen prüfen musste). Siehe dazu den letzten Link.

Area Electrical insulating solids, liquids and gases / Concepts relating to electric properties of insulating solids, liquids and gases
IEV ref 212-11-35
en ESD withstand voltage
maximum applied electrostatic discharge (ESD) voltage that does not cause failure parameter limits to be exceeded, provided that all devices or units under test (UUT) stressed at lower levels have also passed
de ESD-Spannungsfestigkeit,
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Die Durchschlagspannung, auch Durchschlagsspannung, Überschlagspannung oder Überschlagsspannung genannt, bezeichnet in der Elektrotechnik die Spannung, welche überschritten werden muss, damit ein Spannungsdurchschlag durch ein Material bzw. einen Stoff (z. B. einen Isolator) erfolgt.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durchschlagspannung

verlinkt mit

The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to become electrically conductive.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltage

Zum Vergleich

Die Durchschlagsfestigkeit (meist angegeben in kV/mm) eines Isolators ist diejenige elektrische Feldstärke, welche in dem Material höchstens herrschen darf, ohne dass es zu einem Spannungsdurchschlag (Lichtbogen oder Funkenschlag) kommt
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durchschlagsfestigkeit

verlinkt mit

In physics, the term dielectric strength has the following meanings:
• Of an insulating material, the maximum electric field that a pure material can withstand under ideal conditions without breaking down (i.e., without experiencing failure of its insulating properties).
• For a specific configuration of dielectric material and electrodes, the minimum applied electric field (i.e., the applied voltage divided by electrode separation distance) that results in breakdown. This is the concept of Breakdown voltage.
:
In SI, the unit of dielectric strength is volts per meter (V/m). It is also common to see related units such as volts per centimeter (V/cm), megavolts per meter (MV/m), and so on.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_strength

FEATURES
• Up to 80 Amp switching capability
• Wide contact gap of ≥ 3.0 mm
• Clearance and creepage of ≥ 10 mm
• 4 kV dielectric strength, 10 kV surge withstand voltage
• UL Class F insulation (155°C)
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

There are two basic classifications of insulation strength: Basic Insulation Level (BIL) or lightning-impulse withstand voltage, and power-frequency withstand voltage (often called “hipot” voltage).
:

Switchgear and circuit breakers most often feed transformers and other circuit breakers, both relatively 'robust' from the dielectric standpoint.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

Impulse Withstand Voltage as High as 10kV with 4kV Dielectric Strength: Ideal for Power Supply Switching
• Input and output (between coil and contacts) are completely separated, with impulse withstand voltage of 10,000 V.
• Insulation distance of 8 mm min. between coil and contacts satisfies the VDE Standard C/250 insulation requirements, and conforms to Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law with dielectric strength of 4,000 VAC min. Standard model conforms to UL/CSA standards.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days 1 hr (2018-12-09 11:50:11 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days 2 hrs (2018-12-09 12:58:34 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Explanation of different spellings and types

1) Spelling variantes:

"withstand voltage" has approx. 1.630.000 results
"voltage withstand" has approx. (only) 178.000 results like

The Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test
Benefits and limitations
:
While the dielectric voltage withstand test is widely used, the real objective of the test is often misunderstood, which may lead to incomplete testing or misleading test results. This white paper seeks to clarify the theory of dielectric breakdown and the objective of the dielectric voltage withstand test. It explores the applications and limitations of the test in order to better ensure its appropriate use in the product safety approval process.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...
(Note: UL prefers to add "dielectric" as the voltage withstand test concerns dielectric (insulating) materials)

2) General term (IEC):

Area Rotating machinery / Testing
IEV ref 411-53-49
en voltage withstand test
test applied to insulation made by applying a high voltage across the insulation to determine the adequacy of its dielectric strength
de Spannungsprüfung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

3) Voltage withstand test:

Area Electromechanical components for electronic equipment / General terms of electromechanical components
IEV ref 581-21-20
en withstand voltage
value of the test voltage to be applied under specified conditions in a withstand test, during which a specified number of disruptive discharges is tolerated

Note – The withstand voltage is designated as:
a) conventional assumed withstand voltage, when the number of disruptive discharges tolerated is zero. It is deemed to correspond to a withstand probability PW = 100 % (this is in particular the case in the low-voltage technology);
b) statistical withstand voltage, when the number of disruptive discharges tolerated is related to a specified withstand probability, for instance PW = 90 %.
de Stehspannung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...
(Note: Most IEC/EN standards specify to maintain the high voltage for 60 seconds without breakdown or flashover, the voltage has to be adjusted acc. the insulation class, i.e.
class I (primary insulation, metal parts earthed): 1,750 V,
class II (primary of double insulation),
class II (secondary of double insulation) 2,500 V,
class II (integral double insulation) 3,750 V for household appliances)

High Voltage Test (Dielectric Voltage-withstand Test)
This test is carried out by applying a significantly higher than operating voltage to the device under test. In this test, the insulation of a product, stressed to a greater extent than under normal operating conditions, should not be breached for the product to pass. In most cases, the device is stressed to twice its normal operating voltage. During type testing, i.e. testing during designing a product or for a double insulated product, however, much larger voltage may be applied. For all electrical products, the high voltage test is a universal test, meaning that every unit should pass before it can be used.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_safety_testing

How to determine the appropriate withstand voltage test voltage and requirements of withstand voltage testers
According to the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C 1010-1:2014, which stipulates the safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use, the test voltage used by a withstand voltage tester is based on the main power supply’s specifications as follows:
:
Although the fundamental approach to insulation resistance testing is the same as for withstand voltage testing, the two types of testing are distinguished by the following differences:
• The point of insulation resistance testing is to measure the resistance value at a certain test voltage, not to gauge the strength of the insulation. By contrast, the point of withstand voltage testing is to check dielectric strength to see whether an insulation breakdown will occur.
• Whereas most withstand voltage testing is carried out with an AC current, insulation resistance testing, which measures only the resistance component, uses a DC current.
https://www.hioki.com/en/products/listUse/?category=13
(Note: JIS C 1010-1 is based on IEC, too)

4) Impulse withstand test

Rated impulse withstand voltage
Only optional in the past, the impulse test which allow defining the rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp, is now a necessity thus demonstrating the strategy of the Standards directed to increasing the importance of such performance.
:
The test requires the application of the impulse withstand voltage 1.2/50 μs (see Figure 1) in compliance with a particular procedure.
https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/impulse-withstand-...
Selected response from:

Johannes Gleim
Local time: 13:05
Grading comment
Thank you!
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +1dielectric strength
Kartik Isaac
4 +1voltage withstand capacity
Herbie
5voltage withstand [kV]
Johannes Gleim


Discussion entries: 7





  

Answers


3 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
dielectric strength


Explanation:
I think this would be the correct term here.

Kartik Isaac
Switzerland
Works in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 35
Notes to answerer
Asker: Could you explain why, please?


Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Richard Stephen
18 hrs

agree  Kim Metzger: http://www.extremeelectronics.co.uk/tables/dielectric-streng...
2 days 6 hrs

disagree  Johannes Gleim: IEC Search for "dielectric strength": Search results (0 hits) http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/SearchView?SearchVie... Not standardized.
2 days 22 hrs
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +1
voltage withstand capacity


Explanation:
Appears to be the commonest among several options.
> 21000 Ghits

Herbie
Germany
Local time: 13:05
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: German
PRO pts in category: 145

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Kim Metzger: Or dielectric withstand. Voltage withstand testing is done with a high voltage source and voltage and current meters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_withstand_test
2 hrs
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)

4 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
Spannungsfestigkeit [kV]
voltage withstand [kV]


Explanation:
Die Annahme ist richtig. Es geht nur um die Durchschlagsspannung. Wurde von IEC mit "withstand voltage" genormt, fälschlicherweise in vielen Quellen aber mit "dielectric strength" bezeichnet, das sich auf die Durchbruchsfeldstärke bezieht. Diese Verwechselung stammt offensichtlich aus den USA, wo dies in UL-Normen verwendet wird (weiß ich aus eigener Erfahrung, weil ich Geräte u.a. nach UL-Normen prüfen musste). Siehe dazu den letzten Link.

Area Electrical insulating solids, liquids and gases / Concepts relating to electric properties of insulating solids, liquids and gases
IEV ref 212-11-35
en ESD withstand voltage
maximum applied electrostatic discharge (ESD) voltage that does not cause failure parameter limits to be exceeded, provided that all devices or units under test (UUT) stressed at lower levels have also passed
de ESD-Spannungsfestigkeit,
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

Die Durchschlagspannung, auch Durchschlagsspannung, Überschlagspannung oder Überschlagsspannung genannt, bezeichnet in der Elektrotechnik die Spannung, welche überschritten werden muss, damit ein Spannungsdurchschlag durch ein Material bzw. einen Stoff (z. B. einen Isolator) erfolgt.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durchschlagspannung

verlinkt mit

The breakdown voltage of an insulator is the minimum voltage that causes a portion of an insulator to become electrically conductive.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakdown_voltage

Zum Vergleich

Die Durchschlagsfestigkeit (meist angegeben in kV/mm) eines Isolators ist diejenige elektrische Feldstärke, welche in dem Material höchstens herrschen darf, ohne dass es zu einem Spannungsdurchschlag (Lichtbogen oder Funkenschlag) kommt
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durchschlagsfestigkeit

verlinkt mit

In physics, the term dielectric strength has the following meanings:
• Of an insulating material, the maximum electric field that a pure material can withstand under ideal conditions without breaking down (i.e., without experiencing failure of its insulating properties).
• For a specific configuration of dielectric material and electrodes, the minimum applied electric field (i.e., the applied voltage divided by electrode separation distance) that results in breakdown. This is the concept of Breakdown voltage.
:
In SI, the unit of dielectric strength is volts per meter (V/m). It is also common to see related units such as volts per centimeter (V/cm), megavolts per meter (MV/m), and so on.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_strength

FEATURES
• Up to 80 Amp switching capability
• Wide contact gap of ≥ 3.0 mm
• Clearance and creepage of ≥ 10 mm
• 4 kV dielectric strength, 10 kV surge withstand voltage
• UL Class F insulation (155°C)
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

There are two basic classifications of insulation strength: Basic Insulation Level (BIL) or lightning-impulse withstand voltage, and power-frequency withstand voltage (often called “hipot” voltage).
:

Switchgear and circuit breakers most often feed transformers and other circuit breakers, both relatively 'robust' from the dielectric standpoint.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

Impulse Withstand Voltage as High as 10kV with 4kV Dielectric Strength: Ideal for Power Supply Switching
• Input and output (between coil and contacts) are completely separated, with impulse withstand voltage of 10,000 V.
• Insulation distance of 8 mm min. between coil and contacts satisfies the VDE Standard C/250 insulation requirements, and conforms to Electrical Appliance and Material Safety Law with dielectric strength of 4,000 VAC min. Standard model conforms to UL/CSA standards.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days 1 hr (2018-12-09 11:50:11 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 days 2 hrs (2018-12-09 12:58:34 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Explanation of different spellings and types

1) Spelling variantes:

"withstand voltage" has approx. 1.630.000 results
"voltage withstand" has approx. (only) 178.000 results like

The Dielectric Voltage Withstand Test
Benefits and limitations
:
While the dielectric voltage withstand test is widely used, the real objective of the test is often misunderstood, which may lead to incomplete testing or misleading test results. This white paper seeks to clarify the theory of dielectric breakdown and the objective of the dielectric voltage withstand test. It explores the applications and limitations of the test in order to better ensure its appropriate use in the product safety approval process.
https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd...
(Note: UL prefers to add "dielectric" as the voltage withstand test concerns dielectric (insulating) materials)

2) General term (IEC):

Area Rotating machinery / Testing
IEV ref 411-53-49
en voltage withstand test
test applied to insulation made by applying a high voltage across the insulation to determine the adequacy of its dielectric strength
de Spannungsprüfung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...

3) Voltage withstand test:

Area Electromechanical components for electronic equipment / General terms of electromechanical components
IEV ref 581-21-20
en withstand voltage
value of the test voltage to be applied under specified conditions in a withstand test, during which a specified number of disruptive discharges is tolerated

Note – The withstand voltage is designated as:
a) conventional assumed withstand voltage, when the number of disruptive discharges tolerated is zero. It is deemed to correspond to a withstand probability PW = 100 % (this is in particular the case in the low-voltage technology);
b) statistical withstand voltage, when the number of disruptive discharges tolerated is related to a specified withstand probability, for instance PW = 90 %.
de Stehspannung, f
http://www.electropedia.org/iev/iev.nsf/display?openform&iev...
(Note: Most IEC/EN standards specify to maintain the high voltage for 60 seconds without breakdown or flashover, the voltage has to be adjusted acc. the insulation class, i.e.
class I (primary insulation, metal parts earthed): 1,750 V,
class II (primary of double insulation),
class II (secondary of double insulation) 2,500 V,
class II (integral double insulation) 3,750 V for household appliances)

High Voltage Test (Dielectric Voltage-withstand Test)
This test is carried out by applying a significantly higher than operating voltage to the device under test. In this test, the insulation of a product, stressed to a greater extent than under normal operating conditions, should not be breached for the product to pass. In most cases, the device is stressed to twice its normal operating voltage. During type testing, i.e. testing during designing a product or for a double insulated product, however, much larger voltage may be applied. For all electrical products, the high voltage test is a universal test, meaning that every unit should pass before it can be used.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_safety_testing

How to determine the appropriate withstand voltage test voltage and requirements of withstand voltage testers
According to the Japanese Industrial Standard JIS C 1010-1:2014, which stipulates the safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use, the test voltage used by a withstand voltage tester is based on the main power supply’s specifications as follows:
:
Although the fundamental approach to insulation resistance testing is the same as for withstand voltage testing, the two types of testing are distinguished by the following differences:
• The point of insulation resistance testing is to measure the resistance value at a certain test voltage, not to gauge the strength of the insulation. By contrast, the point of withstand voltage testing is to check dielectric strength to see whether an insulation breakdown will occur.
• Whereas most withstand voltage testing is carried out with an AC current, insulation resistance testing, which measures only the resistance component, uses a DC current.
https://www.hioki.com/en/products/listUse/?category=13
(Note: JIS C 1010-1 is based on IEC, too)

4) Impulse withstand test

Rated impulse withstand voltage
Only optional in the past, the impulse test which allow defining the rated impulse withstand voltage Uimp, is now a necessity thus demonstrating the strategy of the Standards directed to increasing the importance of such performance.
:
The test requires the application of the impulse withstand voltage 1.2/50 μs (see Figure 1) in compliance with a particular procedure.
https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/impulse-withstand-...

Johannes Gleim
Local time: 13:05
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: German
PRO pts in category: 449
Grading comment
Thank you!
Login to enter a peer comment (or grade)



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