états

English translation: states

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)
French term or phrase:états
English translation:states
Entered by: MoiraB

11:16 Jun 20, 2016
French to English translations [PRO]
Art/Literary - Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting / description of Pissarro\'s technique
French term or phrase: états
Context is prints (engravings, etchings, etc.) and printmaking through the ages.

Camille Pissarro est l’artiste impressionniste le plus attaché à l’estampe. Ces oeuvres montrent une recherche constante de la lumière. Son apparente facilité d’expression cache un exigeant travail de dessin et de tirage que les nombreux **états** confirment.

I get the feeling this is something like "draft versions". I did find the word "state" used on the Tate Modern site ("sixth and final state" of some work or other) but this text is intended for a broad general public.
MoiraB
France
Local time: 11:39
state
Explanation:
This is the correct technical term. If you think your readers won't understand it, you could add a word or two of explanation in brackets, such as "forms" or "versions".

"In printmaking, a state is a different form of a print, caused by a deliberate and permanent change to a matrix such as a copper plate (for engravings etc.) or woodblock (for woodcut)."
Selected response from:

philgoddard
United States
Grading comment
It's clear from checking out glossaries of printmaking terms that artist's proof, trial proof and state and different things, so "state" it is plus a brief explanation. Thanks, everyone.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



Summary of answers provided
4 +6state
philgoddard
5trial proofs
B D Finch
4prototypes; unfinished articles
Andrew Bramhall
3 +1stages
Lisa Jane
3artist's prooves
Raoul COLIN (X)


Discussion entries: 3





  

Answers


7 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5
prototypes; unfinished articles


Explanation:
Yes, ' draft versions' in need of further development or refining/ retouching.

Andrew Bramhall
United Kingdom
Local time: 10:39
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish
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20 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5 peer agreement (net): +1
stages


Explanation:
could it mean the various phases, stages of the painting as his technique was often to layer the oil colour in several stages (see example of different stages here in one artist's interpretation of his technique https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7-tIW7w5GU:

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Note added at 28 mins (2016-06-20 11:44:45 GMT)
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http://www.moma.org/explore/conservation/cezannepissarro/set...
Setting the scene

Cézanne and Pissarro clearly render similar scenes, or even the same scene, with quite different senses of essential harmony. There also are times when they very clearly diverge in their handling of paint. In their use of underdrawing, one of the earliest stages of a painting, another fundamental difference can be observed. While this exhibition does not include any examples of Pissaro’s use of underdrawing, in 1881 we see Cézanne employing it a great deal. The extensive use of underdrawing in these particular paintings indicates that Cézanne is thinking about how best to start a painting; how all-embracing his notes need to be, as it were.

Detecting underdrawing can be done in several different ways. Sometimes it can be seen directly underneath thin washes of color. Other times, in more thickly painted works, it can be seen peeking out from under skips in the upper layers of paint. Finally it can sometimes be seen with an infrared sensitive camera. Infrared cameras take advantage of the fact that many paints are comparatively transparent or reflective of the infrared part of the spectrum. This is in contrast to typical drawing materials that absorb these same wavelengths. An infrared image will then show the underdrawing as dark lines beneath the painted layer.

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Note added at 30 mins (2016-06-20 11:46:58 GMT)
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stages can refer to any artwork

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Note added at 37 mins (2016-06-20 11:53:31 GMT)
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after having looked into his techniques it seems that STATE is the word used to say what is in effect a STAGE of the process see example here

https://books.google.it/books?id=NZt2oj5S-wQC&pg=PA243&lpg=P...

So you could use stage if you prefer it to state (as, I have just seen, another colleague has suggested in the discussion)

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Note added at 1 hr (2016-06-20 12:41:18 GMT)
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if you read the text in the link provided (here referring to the etchings of Cassatt) it says clearly at the foot of page 239 "Preliminary states (stages in the development of the print) were enjoyed and cherished."

Lisa Jane
Italy
Local time: 11:39
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: Native in EnglishEnglish, Native in ItalianItalian
PRO pts in category: 8
Notes to answerer
Asker: this is about his prints - not oil paintings


Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
neutral  Andrew Bramhall: Wouldn't the writer have said ' étapes' if this was what's meant?
4 mins
  -> he could have-they are similar concepts

neutral  philgoddard: It's not about painting.
1 hr
  -> yes I now know that and if you had read my whole answer you would have seen my later comments

agree  David Vaughn: "Preliminary states (stages in the development of the print)"
8 hrs
  -> Thanks David
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1 hr   confidence: Answerer confidence 4/5Answerer confidence 4/5 peer agreement (net): +6
état
state


Explanation:
This is the correct technical term. If you think your readers won't understand it, you could add a word or two of explanation in brackets, such as "forms" or "versions".

"In printmaking, a state is a different form of a print, caused by a deliberate and permanent change to a matrix such as a copper plate (for engravings etc.) or woodblock (for woodcut)."



    Reference: http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_(printmaking)
philgoddard
United States
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: English
PRO pts in category: 61
Grading comment
It's clear from checking out glossaries of printmaking terms that artist's proof, trial proof and state and different things, so "state" it is plus a brief explanation. Thanks, everyone.
Notes to answerer
Asker: yes, I'd just come to the same conclusion myself!


Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  James A. Walsh
39 mins

agree  Debora Blake
3 hrs

agree  Yvonne Gallagher
4 hrs

agree  Helen Shiner
5 hrs

agree  Laurette Tassin
17 hrs

agree  Jean-Claude Gouin
23 hrs
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20 mins   confidence: Answerer confidence 3/5Answerer confidence 3/5
artist's prooves


Explanation:
this is about etching
This wikipedia is about this step in producing an etching wiht the artist checking how his/her works will appear

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Note added at 28 mins (2016-06-20 11:44:30 GMT)
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thanks for the correction.
The article is in English

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Note added at 9 hrs (2016-06-20 20:57:26 GMT)
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Am arrtist realised a drawing and gives it to the etcher to be turned into an engraving. As well knows, this process is no photography.
So the etcher presents his firs realisation or artist's proof to the artist who might not agree with what he sees. Then following the artist's comments the etcher goes back to workd with acid and his set of chisels and puches to modify the copper plate.Then he présents a new proof to the artist. And so back and forth and that could last quite a while. Rembrandt and as I learnt it recenetly Turner were quite exacting and with them that lasted for month on end.


    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artist%27s_proof
Raoul COLIN (X)
Local time: 11:39
Native speaker of: Native in FrenchFrench, Native in EnglishEnglish
PRO pts in category: 4

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
neutral  Andrew Bramhall: ' prooves' isn't the plural of ' proof'; it's 'proofs'. ' Prooves' doesn't exist!
3 mins
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22 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5
trial proofs


Explanation:
http://www.progressiveart.com/art_terms.shtml
"Trial Proof - Pre-cursor to a limited edition series, these initial prints are pulled so that the artist may examine, refine and perfect the prints to the desired final state. Trial proofs are generally not signed."

B D Finch
France
Local time: 11:39
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: English
PRO pts in category: 123
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