wykruszenie łuszczeniowe
English translation: lithic reduction
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| 13:06 Sep 5, 2015 |
| Polish to English translations [PRO] Science - Archaeology / wear analysis | |||||
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|  Selected response from: Frank Szmulowicz, Ph. D. United States Local time: 21:03 | ||||
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| 3 | lithic reduction |
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Answers
27 mins confidence: 
lithic reduction Explanation: Lithic reduction involves the use of a hard hammer percussor, such as a hammerstone, a soft hammer fabricator (made of wood, bone or antler), or a wood or antler punch to detach lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone called a lithic core (also known as the "objective piece"). As flakes are detached in sequence, the original mass of stone is reduced; hence the term for this process. Lithic reduction may be performed in order to obtain sharp flakes, on which a variety of tools can be made, or to rough out a blank for later refinement into a projectile point, knife, or other object. Flakes of regular size that are at least twice as long as they are broad are called blades. Lithic tools produced this way may be bifacial (exhibiting flaking on both sides) or unifacial (exhibiting flaking on one side only). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithic_reduction ccccccccccccccccccc In archaeology a flake tool is a type of stone tool that was used during the Stone Age that was created by striking a flake from a prepared stone core. Lithic reduction is the removal of a lithic flake from a larger stone in order to reach the desired tool shape and size. The beginning stone is called the flake lithic core. There are three steps to lithic reduction: Hard hammer percussion is the first step. It involves knocking off the larger flakes to achieve the desired lithic core for the flake tool. In using hard hammer percussion the flake tools were made by taking metaphoric or igneous rock such as granite or quartz and striking it against the stone. This method was often used to flake large core flakes of hard rock. Soft hammer percussion is the second step. It involves using a hammer made of bone, which was often antler, in order to knock off flakes from the lithic core. Animal antlers such as moose, deer and elk were often the most common ones used. It allows the user more control over the size and shape of the flakes knocked off. Soft hammer percussion was also used when the stone was more brittle. Pressure flaking is the final step. It involves using a piece of bone, antler, or piece of hardwood in order to have more control of the flakes knocked off of the lithic core. One simply applies outward and downward pressure to achieve the final flake tool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flake_tool |
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