The economic concept of "fileira" (or "fileira industrial)" is the concept of "market/sector", more or less addressed in the perspective of the "value chain" concept of Michael Porter.(vd links)
Thus, the closest expression in EN may be "industry value chain". But in many contexts the most frequent general reference is just "the market / sector".
In your case, "os agentes a montante" refers to the economic agents upstream the chain. Eg. In the case of link2 image, the upstream agents are the owners of forests, which are producers / suppliers of wood, and sawmills. They are the agents upstream of wood processing.
vd links:
1. (
"industry value chain"):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_chain