الحسينيات
English translation: The husainiyas
| GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| 15:42 Jul 28, 2008 |
| Arabic to English translations [PRO] Religion | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
|  Selected response from: Fuad Yahya | ||||
Grading comment
| |||||
| Summary of answers provided | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 +3 | The husainiyas |
| ||
| 5 +1 | Shia Mosques/Masjids |
| ||
| 5 | HUSSAINIYAs |
| ||
| 5 -1 | Husainyyat |
|
| Discussion entries: 1 | |
|---|---|
Answers
7 mins confidence: 
peer agreement (net): -1
peer agreement (net): -1Husainyyat Explanation: Husainyyat is a village in the north of Jordan, lying between Ajlun and Jerash. Most of the houses are occupied by local farmers and many belong to the Friehat family. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 9 perc (2008-07-28 15:51:45 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- it is consisted of a small number of houses mainly owned by farmers who have there own land around it and most of them belongs to the same Family (Friehat), it can be one of the most beautiful places in Jordan or maybe the middle east if there was some governmental attention to the amazing nature and landscapes around it, most of the mountains are green around it. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 9 perc (2008-07-28 15:52:05 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- SEE ALSO http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/husainyyat -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 14 perc (2008-07-28 15:57:06 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- About Ajlun: Ajlun (Arabic: عجلون) is the capital town of the Ajlun Governorate. (however itis not the largest city) A hilly town in the north of Jordan, located 76 kilometers (around 47 miles) north west of Amman. It is noted for its impressive ruins the 12th century castle which known nowadays as Ajlun Castle. Ajlun Governorate has a population of over 130 thousand widespread in twenty seven villages and towns and area about 420 km2. Population of Ajlun Governorate is mainly composed of the following tribes: Alqudah, Almomani, Freihat, Zoghoul and Rabadi. People of the area are very well-known for pursuing university degrees and higher education. The most notable towns and villages in Ajlun (other than Ajlun itself) are : Ain-Janna, Kufranji, Anjara, Sakhra and Ibbeen. Demography According to the Jordan national census of 2004, the population of the town of Ajlun was 7,289. Ajlun Governorate is about 119,000. Muslims make up the majority of Ajlun's population, there are Christian minority groups in the city as well. The governorate of Ajlun is highly agricultural, as the population distibution tells. Places that worth visiting there: The Ajlun Castle, is located on the site of an old monastery. It was built by Izz al-Din Usama, a general of Saladin army, in 1184. It permitted to control the road of Damascus and Egypt. The fortress marks the limit which the Franks could never exceed in the east. The Mamelukes increased it then, adding its square tower in particular to it. It was taken by the Mongols into 1260 and partially destroyed. The Climate and the topography of Ajlun: The Ajlun mountains are famous for their lush vegetation and thick green forests and a good place for hikes. Its highest mountain peaks reach around 1250 meters above sea level. It's one of the countries most beautiful regions. It receives a number of snow storms per year with snow accumulations that reach up to a meter at times. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 18 perc (2008-07-28 16:01:05 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- About Jerash: Jerash, the Gerasa of Antiquity, is the capital and largest city of Jerash Governorate (محافظة جرش), which is situated in the north of Jordan, 48 km (30 miles) north of the capital Amman towards Syria. Jerash Governorate's geographical features vary from cold mountains to fertile valleys from (1100 to 300 meters above sea level), suitable for growing a wide variety of crops. The demography of Jerash: According to the Jordan national census of 2004, the population of Jerash City was 31,650 and was ranked as the 14th largest municipality in Jordan. The population of the province of Jerash Governorate was 153,650. Jerash Governorate has the second highest density in Jordan (after Irbid Governorate). Jerash has an ethnicly diverse population, with the majority being Arabs. Circassians and Armenians also exist in a slightly larger percentage compared to other cities in Jordan. The majority of Jerash population are Muslims, however the percentage of Christians (Orthodox and Catholics)in Jerash city is also among the highest in Jordan. Jerash is known for the ruins of the Greco-Roman city of Gerasa, also referred to as Antioch on the Golden River. It is sometimes misleadingly referred to as the "Pompeii of the Middle East or Asia", referring to its size, extent of excavation and level of preservation (though Jerash was never buried by a volcano). Jerash is considered one of the most important and best preserved Roman cities in the Near East. It was a city of the Decapolis. Recent excavations show that Jerash was already inhabited during the Bronze Age (3200 BC - 1200 BC. After the Roman conquest in 63 BC, Jerash and the land surrounding it were annexed by the Roman province of Syria, and later joined the Decapolis cities. In AD 90, Jerash was absorbed into the Roman province of Arabia, which included the city of Philadelphia (modern day Amman). The Romans ensured security and peace in this area, which enabled its people to devote their efforts and time to economic development and encouraged civic building activity. In the second half of the first century AD, the city of Jerash achieved great prosperity. In AD 106, the Emperor Trajan constructed roads throughout the provinces and more trade came to Jerash. The Emperor Hadrian visited Jerash in AD 129-130. The triumphal arch (or Arch of Hadrian) was built to celebrate his visit. A remarkable Latin inscription records a religious dedication set up by members of the imperial mounted bodyguard "wintering" there. The city finally reached a size of about 800,000 square metres within its walls. The Persian invasion in AD 614 caused the rapid decline of Jerash. However, the city continued to flourish during the Umayyad Period, as shown by recent excavations. In AD 746, a major earthquake destroyed much of Jerash and its surroundings. During the period of the Crusades, some of the monuments were converted to fortresses, including the Temple of Artemis. Small settlements continued in Jerash during the Ayyubid, Mameluk and Ottoman periods. Excavation and restoration of Jerash has been almost continuous since the 1920s. TetrapylonThere are a large number of striking monuments located in Jerash: the Corinthium column, Hadrian's Arch, a circus/hippodrome, two immense temples (to Zeus and Artemis), the nearly unique oval Forum, which is surrounded by a fine colonnade, a long colonnaded street or cardo, two theatres (the Large South Theatre and smaller North Theatre), two baths, a scattering of small temples and an almost complete circuit of city walls. Most of these monuments were built by donations of the city's wealthy citizens. From AD 350, a large Christian community lived in Jerash, and between AD 400-600, more than thirteen churches were built, many with superb mosaic floors. A cathedral was built in the fourth century. An ancient synagogue with detailed mosaics, including the story of Noah, was found beneath a church. Today the ruins of Jerash are thoroughly excavated and excellently preserved. This has led to a nickname, the "Asian Pompeii." Modern Jerash The oval Forum of Roman Jerash, and the south end of the CardoJerash has developed dramatically in the last century due to its strategic location in the heart of Jordan and the growing importance of the tourism industry to the city. Jerash is now the second-most popular tourist attraction in Jordan, closely behind the splendid ruins of Petra. The ruins have been carefully preserved and spared from encroachment, with the modern city sprawling to the west of ancient Jerash's city walls. Souf was the seed for modern Jerash. For many centuries Souf was the center of the al-Meradh area during the Ottoman Empire. The Al-Meradh region was called this because it was the only region in the north of Jordan which resisted the southern Bedouin looting attacks that used to be launched by Bani Sakher tribes. They led a resistance alliance which finally succeeded in defeating the Bedouin. Enriched mouldings on the Temple of Artemis speak of ebullient prosperityThe old town of Jerash was actually re-inhabited by the local people of Souf and the surrounding villages. During the second half of the nineteenth century, Jerash was a target for successive migrant waves including Syrians (Shwam), the Circassians, and in the second half of the twentieth century by Palestinian refugees. However, recently the modern city of Jerash has been expanded to include many of the surrounding villages including Souf, Dairelliat, Thougretasfour, Jaba, Asfour, Aljbarat and Majar. Other important villages in the governate include: Sakèb, Kitteh, Nahlé, Burma, Mustabah, Jubba, Raimoun, Kufr Khall, Balila, and Qafqafa. Since 1981, the old city of Jerash has hosted the Jerash Festival, a three week long summer program of dance, music, and theatrical performances. The festival is frequently attended by members of the royal family of Jordan and is hailed as one of the largest cultural activities in the region. Economy Jerash economy depends largely on the tourists who visit the ancient city. It is also an agricultural city with more than 1.25 million olive trees in Jerash Governorate. [4] However, the location of Jerash, just half an hour ride from two of the largest cities in Jordan, Amman and Irbid, contributed to slowing down its development, as investments tend to go to the larger cities. References ^ http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&... ^ http://www.dos.gov.jo/census2004/page1.htm Jordan National Census, Arabic ^ Jerash Festival Of Culture & Arts مهرجان جرش للثقافة والفنون ^ http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=109305 Alrai Arabic Publications Achim Lichtenberger, "Artemis and Zeus Olympios in Roman Gerasa and Seleucid religious policy," in The Variety of Local Religious Life in the Near East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods. Ed. by T. Kaizer (Leiden, Brill, 2008) (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 164). -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 18 perc (2008-07-28 16:01:30 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerash -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 21 perc (2008-07-28 16:04:05 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- A Hussainia (Arabic: حسينية Persian: Hosseiniyeh Urdu: Imambargah) is a congregation hall for Shia ritual ceremonies, especially those associated with the Remembrance of Muharram. The name comes from Husayn Ibn Ali, the grandson of the Muhammad and an Imam of the Shia. Hussain was killed by Yazid I in Karbala, Iraq, over 1,300 years ago. Shias still mourn the death of Hussain on the day of Ashura every year in Hussainias all over the world. A Hussainiya is different from a Mosque in that it is made mainly for gatherings for Muharram in the mourning of Hussain ibn Ali, and may not neccesarily hold prayer in jumaa'at or Friday Prayer unless there is a gathering at the same time, where they would obviously make a jumaa'at at the time of prayer. In South Asia, a Hussainia can also be referred to as an "imambara", "imambargah", or "ashurkhana". In Bahrain it is called a "ma'tam" (مأتم). Some examples of Hussainias are the Bara Imambara and Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab, both in Lucknow, Imambara Wazeer Un Nisa Amroha India Detail of Imambara India, and Hosseiniye Ershad in Tehran, Iran. In Afghanistan and Central Asia, the equivalent term for a Shia congregation hall is "takyakhana. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 21 perc (2008-07-28 16:04:22 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- " -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 22 perc (2008-07-28 16:04:44 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussainia Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husainyyat |
| |
