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आपातकालीन अथवा आपात्कालीन अथवा आपत्कालीन

Hindi translation: आपातकालीन

09:48 Jul 11, 2006
Hindi language (monolingual) [PRO]
Art/Literary - Linguistics / General
Hindi term or phrase: आपातकालीन अथवा आपात्कालीन अथवा आपत्कालीन
In railway compartments, for emergency I read first term, second term in some documents and according to me it should be आ + पत् + कालीन = आपत्कालीन

I'd like to know Hindi linguistics' opinion about it....
Mrudula Tambe
India
Local time: 06:12
Selected answer:आपातकालीन
Explanation:
This is the one and only correct spelling the term:

आपातकालीन

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs (2006-07-12 02:05:59 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

आपद् + काल = आपत्काल
but
आपात + काल = आपातकाल

The first is a well-known case of Sandhi where the द changes to त. You will also note the the द there is हलंत that is it is not fully pronounced. Hence it is free to combine with the next consonant and form a त as per sandhi rules.

It is more usual to encounter आपदा in Hindi than आपद्. You have words like आपदाग्रस्त, etc. Here the द is not हलंत as it already has a vowel आ in it and is not free to combine with other consonents.

In the case of आपात the last consonant त is not हलंत and therefore no sandhi will form when it is juxtaposed with another consonant and it will be written and pronounced fully.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs (2006-07-12 02:12:09 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Also, modern Hindi is moving along a path of its own and it does not strictly follow the sandhi rules of Sanskrit. Hindi is a viyogatmak bhasha, that is the trend is towards separation of its units such as letters, words, karak chinh, etc. You can see this tendency especially in the karak chinh being written separate from nouns and words. In contrast, Sanskrit is a sanyogatmak bhasha that is the tendency there is towards encapsulation - you can have whole sentences as a single word.

So in Hindi vowels and consonents are often written separate where in Sanskrit they would be written as a sanyuktakshar.
Selected response from:

Balasubramaniam L.
India
Local time: 06:12
Grading comment
Selected automatically based on peer agreement.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer



SUMMARY OF ALL EXPLANATIONS PROVIDED
5 +4आपातकालीन
Balasubramaniam L.


  

Answers


2 hrs   confidence: Answerer confidence 5/5 peer agreement (net): +4
आपातकालीन


Explanation:
This is the one and only correct spelling the term:

आपातकालीन

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs (2006-07-12 02:05:59 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

आपद् + काल = आपत्काल
but
आपात + काल = आपातकाल

The first is a well-known case of Sandhi where the द changes to त. You will also note the the द there is हलंत that is it is not fully pronounced. Hence it is free to combine with the next consonant and form a त as per sandhi rules.

It is more usual to encounter आपदा in Hindi than आपद्. You have words like आपदाग्रस्त, etc. Here the द is not हलंत as it already has a vowel आ in it and is not free to combine with other consonents.

In the case of आपात the last consonant त is not हलंत and therefore no sandhi will form when it is juxtaposed with another consonant and it will be written and pronounced fully.

--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 16 hrs (2006-07-12 02:12:09 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------

Also, modern Hindi is moving along a path of its own and it does not strictly follow the sandhi rules of Sanskrit. Hindi is a viyogatmak bhasha, that is the trend is towards separation of its units such as letters, words, karak chinh, etc. You can see this tendency especially in the karak chinh being written separate from nouns and words. In contrast, Sanskrit is a sanyogatmak bhasha that is the tendency there is towards encapsulation - you can have whole sentences as a single word.

So in Hindi vowels and consonents are often written separate where in Sanskrit they would be written as a sanyuktakshar.

Balasubramaniam L.
India
Local time: 06:12
Native speaker of: Native in HindiHindi
PRO pts in category: 4
Grading comment
Selected automatically based on peer agreement.

Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)
agree  Arun Singh
1 hr
  -> Thank you.
agree  Rajan Chopra
5 hrs
  -> Thank you.
neutral  Tejinder Soodan: Hi Bala, can you please check Father Camil Bulcke's Dictionary for 'emergency', it is spelled as आपत्काल
5 hrs
  -> Thank you. Please see note added.
agree  vishalsengar: agree
526 days
agree  Anurag Mishra (X): आपातकालीन is only correct spelling.
2688 days
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