الاستنباطات الظنية
English translation: conjectural inferences
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| 17:14 Apr 28, 2006 |
| Arabic to English translations [PRO] Religion | |||||||
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|  Selected response from: Fuad Yahya | ||||||
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| Summary of answers provided | ||||
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| 4 +1 | conjectural inferences |
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| 4 | Doubtful derivations |
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| 4 | mental inferences/deductions |
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| 3 | Presumptive Deductions |
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Answers
24 mins confidence: 
Doubtful derivations Explanation: Doubtful derivation or Suspicious conclusions |
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1 hr confidence:
mental inferences/deductions Explanation: Al-istinbaat (deduction, inference) is a method of Quranic interpretation. See below (note that both "inference" and "deduction" are used here) A remote interpretation is one which requires a far greater degree of pondering and probing into the substance of a text. An example of this is the deduction (istinbaat) of Ibn `Abbaas from the following Qur'anic verses that the minimum period of human pregnancy is six months: (...) Such inferences and deductions, even though they may seem easy, are difficult to arrive at unless a person is engaged in thought and has a penetrating insight. It involves, moreover, a great deal of critical research. It is not an easy task for most people. http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/humanrelations/alalwani_disagree... As for "al-dhanniyah", I'm pretty sure that it means "mental" here. |
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1 hr confidence: peer agreement (net): +1
peer agreement (net): +1conjectural inferences Explanation: You did not provide any context. If by اسـتنباطات you mean the process itself, then "inferences" will be the right term. If by اسـتنباطات you mean the end of the process, then "conclusions" will be the right term. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2006-04-28 18:46:21 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- A note on Nesrin's input: The word اسـتنباط, like many other words used by logicians, are often used somewhat loosely in non-technical writings. This happens in most languages, not just in Arabic. In logic, اسـتنباط is the process of reaching a conclusion from a set of premises. There are two acceptable ways to do that: 1. Deductive reasoning, which, if done correctly, leads to certain conclusions. Example: Every politician is a crook. Every legisltor is a politician. Therefore, every legislator is a crook. In Arabic, this is called قياس منطقي, which is to be distinguished from القياس الفقهي, which closer to analogy with precedence. 2. Inductive reasoning, which produces probable conclusions. This is the reasoning used in science. It is based on the examination of multiple past and present instances to reach a probable generalization about all future instances. This is called اسـتقراء As it happens, these terms are commonly mixed up in non-technical language, in both Arabic and English. So, you often heare people say "deduction," when they actually mean "inference," and son on. |
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1 hr confidence:
Presumptive Deductions Explanation: And this one is the possible philosophical (logic) term. In natural deduction we use 'The Rule of Assumption' as one of the 9 rules of L. On a related topic, Avesinna proposed something called 'المظنونات' 'Presumtiones' (L.) defined this way: "آراء يقع التصديق بها لا على الثبات، بل يخطر إمكان نقيضها بالبال و لكن الذهن إليها أميل." ــ ابن سينا، ر. النجاة According to PhD. Abdurrahman Hefni's Extensive Philosophical Glossary (Madbouli, 2000), 'ظن' is 'presumption'. However, more context would clarify which term would be suitable. -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2006-04-28 18:46:01 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- Ref. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning -------------------------------------------------- Note added at 1 hr (2006-04-28 18:47:47 GMT) -------------------------------------------------- *typo: Avicenna |
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