Zwakbegaafdheid

English translation: low ability

GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)

Dutch term or phrase:	Zwakbegaafdheid
English translation:	low ability
Entered by:	Theodora OB

09:06 Jan 28, 2006

Dutch to English translations [PRO]
Social Sciences - Education / Pedagogy

Dutch term or phrase: Zwakbegaafdheid

What term is most appropriated for 'zwakbegaafdheid' these days. Educational subnormality' doesn't give too many google hits.

The context is 'zwakbegaafdheid' versus 'hoogbegaafdheid' (high ability/giftedness).

Thanks for any suggestions

Rene Paes (X) KudoZ activity Questions: 32 (none open) Answers: 5
Local time: 19:03

low ability

Explanation:
That would be the UK term for it

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Note added at 8 hrs (2006-01-28 17:37:24 GMT)
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low ability is the term used in school in the UK. I am a teacher!

Selected response from:

Theodora OB
Local time: 18:03

Grading comment

As a general term most appropriate and non-offensive.
4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer

Summary of answers provided

4 +3

mental retardation

Kate Hudson (X)

mental impairment

CI95

Mentally challenged

Francina

low ability

Theodora OB

borderline learning disability / borderline intelligence

Meturgan

Discussion entries: 2

Answers

3 hrs confidence:

mental impairment

Explanation:
Another option

Encourage classmates to accept the student with a mental impairment.
... Personal interactions with mentally impaired students: ...

www.sesd.info/idstrategies.htm -

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Note added at 4 hrs (2006-01-28 13:18:07 GMT)
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Alternatives include intellectual impairment and mental handicap.

See also

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mental_retardation#Mental_...

for a discussion on the appropriateness of such terms.

CI95
Local time: 19:03
Native speaker of:

English
PRO pts in category: 39

7 hrs confidence:

Mentally challenged

Explanation:
Refers to those whose IQ is below 70-75 and who lack proper adaptive social behavior.

Reference: http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:cF1ShrMAcbgJ:www.fitness...

Francina
United States
Local time: 13:03
Works in field
Native speaker of:

English,

Dutch
PRO pts in category: 11

4 hrs confidence:

low ability

Theodora OB
Local time: 18:03
Specializes in field
Native speaker of:

Dutch,

English
PRO pts in category: 4

Grading comment

As a general term most appropriate and non-offensive.

10 mins confidence:

peer agreement (net): +3

mental retardation

Explanation:
mental retardation raises about 11 million hits
mental subnormality raises about 17.000 hits on Google

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Note added at 8 hrs (2006-01-28 18:02:56 GMT)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_retardation
Mental retardation (also called mental handicap and, as defined by the UK Mental Health Act 1983, mental impairment and severe mental impairment) is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills ("milestones") during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. One common criterion for diagnosis of what used to be called mental retardation is a tested intelligence quotient (IQ) below 70.
Alternate terms
The term mental retardation has gradually acquired pejorative and shameful connotations over the last few decades and is now used almost exclusively in technical or scientific contexts where exactness is necessary.
? In North America, the broad term developmental delay has become an increasingly preferred synonym by many parents and caregivers. Elsewhere however, developmental delay is generally used to imply that appropriate intervention will improve or completely eliminate the condition, allowing for "catching up." Importantly, this term carries the emotionally powerful idea that the individual's current difficulties are likely to be temporary.
? Developmental disability is preferred by most physicians, but can also refer to any other physical or psychiatric delay, such as delayed puberty.
? Intellectual disability is increasingly used as a synonym for people with significantly below-average IQ, primarily as a means of separating general intellectual limitations from specific, limited deficits as well as indicating that it is not an emotional or psychological disability. Intellectual disability is also used to describe the outcome of traumatic brain injury or lead poisoning or dementing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. It is not specific to congenital conditions like Down Syndrome.
The American Association on Mental Retardation continues to use the term mental retardation [1].

Kate Hudson (X)
Netherlands
Local time: 19:03
Specializes in field
Native speaker of: English
PRO pts in category: 66

11 hrs confidence:

borderline learning disability / borderline intelligence

Explanation:

mild or borderline learning disability (usually identified during school years. The individual is limited in school work, but is able to live alone and maintain some form of paid employment).
http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:ffznwdF_nz0J:www.mentaln...

People with learning disability have an increased risk of developing a mental disorder. When they need acute psychiatric hospitalisation, they are frequently admitted to general psychiatric beds under the care of general adult psychiatrists, many of whom have had little training in the assessment and treatment of mental illness in this group. They may have unusual presentations of common mental disorders leading to difficulty in diagnosis and idiosyncratic responses to treatment. Boundary disputes between general adult and learning disability services frequently lead to a reduced quality of care for people with complex needs (see Bernal & Hollins (1995) for an overview of psychiatric illness and learning disability).

een zwakbegaafd persoon = a person with borderline learning disability

IQ Classifications in Educational Use

Wechsler, David. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third edition
Psychological Corporation, 1997

Classification IQ Score Percent Included
Theoretical Normal Curve Actual Sample

Very Superior 130 and above 2.2 2.1
Superior 120-129 6.7 8.3
High Average* 110-119 16.1 16.1
Average 90-109 50.0 50.3
Low Average* 80-89 16.1 14.8
Borderline 70-79 6.7 6.5
Extremely Low* ** 69 and below 2.2 1.9

*The terms High Average, Low Average and Extremely Low correspond to the terms Bright Normal, Dull Normal and Mental Defective, respectively, used in the 1955 WAIS manual.
**The term Extremely Low is used in place of the terms Mentally Retarded, used in the WAIS-R, and Intellectually Deficient, used in the WISC-III to avoid the implication that a very low IQ score is sufficient evidence by itself for the classification of "mental retardation" or "intellectually deficient."

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IQ Classifications in Psychiatric Use

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)
American Psychiatric Association, 1994

V62.89 Borderline Intellectual Functioning IQ 71-84
317 Mild Mental Retardation IQ 50-55 to approximately 70
318.0 Moderate Retardation IQ 35-40 to 50-55
318.1 Severe Mental Retardation IQ 20-25 to 35-40
318.2 Profound Mental Retardation IQ below 20 or 25

The terms Educable Mentally Retarded and Trainable Mentally Retarded used in special education are roughly equivalent to DSM classifications for mild and moderate mental retardation, respectively. The DSM diagnostic criteria further require an assessment and determination of impairment in adaptive functioning in order to make a diagnosis of mental retardation.

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Note added at 11 hrs (2006-01-28 21:04:58 GMT)
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Voor zwakbegaafdheid wordt, althans in professionele kringen, in de regel, NIET de term *mental retardation* gebruikt. Zie hier onder:

IQ score ranges (from DSM-IV):

• mild mental retardation: IQ 50-55 to 70; children require mild support; formally called "Educable Mentally Retarded".

• moderate retardation: IQ 35-40 to 50-55; children require moderate supervision and assistance; formally called "Trainable Mentally Retarded".

• severe mental retardation: IQ 20-25 to 35-40; can be taught basic life skills and simple tasks with supervision.

• profound mental retardation: IQ below 20-25; usually caused by a neurological condition; require constant care.

Reference: http://www.webenet.com/iqclassifications.htm
Reference: http://www.refer.nhs.uk/ViewRecord.asp?ID=189&Print=1

Meturgan
Hungary
Local time: 19:03
PRO pts in category: 4

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English translation: low ability

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