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Explanation: This is an example Paola of why I ask for context.......or UK
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 3 hrs 2 mins (2005-08-27 14:34:12 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Better: Politically oriented groups may not participate in this conference.
Please note: May not is the same as are forbidden from in this register. We would not say in English are forbidden from. This is a style thing...
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 3 hrs 4 mins (2005-08-27 14:36:18 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Finally, the correct translation for your other phrase=
politically oriented groups= that is the idea..
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 3 hrs 7 mins (2005-08-27 14:38:51 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
One more thing: May not is as strong here as it required. Shall not here is incorrect English style-wise...
Forbidden is used in situations like: It is forbidden to walk on the grass...= No walking on the Grass...
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 3 hrs 8 mins (2005-08-27 14:40:08 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Also, you Can USe forbidden but I would not.
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 5 hrs 13 mins (2005-08-27 16:44:58 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Final: after driving around I came up with:
Politically oriented groups are not allowed to participate in the conference.
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 5 hrs 13 mins (2005-08-27 16:45:20 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
So> may not participate or are not allowed to participate
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 6 hrs 45 mins (2005-08-27 18:17:16 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
The difference between To and From is:
If the sentence in question is Performative as defined by Austin, the right preposition is TO..
It is forbidden to walk on the grass.
If the sentence is not performative as defined by Austin, then From is the best answer stylistically.
I don't believe the sentence in Portuguese is Performative.
Groups are forbidden from participating...ie the forbidding is Reported and Not Direct; it is non-performative..
That is the answer and I am my own reference. These things are not to be found in dictionaries. Tney are to be worked out by one's knowledge of a language, linguistics and translation and demonstrated as I have done, I hope to your satifaction...:)
Cheers
-------------------------------------------------- Note added at 6 hrs 46 mins (2005-08-27 18:18:03 GMT) --------------------------------------------------
Finally, my translation solution throws out forbidden precisely for these reasons. We are much more apt to say...may not....:)